{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T16:46:50Z","timestamp":1770828410636,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The FLASH\u2010UK trial showed lower HbA1c with intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM), as compared with self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), in adults with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c \u226558\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22657.5%). Here, we present results from the pre\u2010specified subgroup analysis for the 24\u2010week HbA1c (primary outcome) and selected sensor\u2010based secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a multi\u2010centre, parallel\u2010design, randomised controlled trial. The difference in treatment effect between subgroups (baseline HbA1c [\u226475 vs. &gt;75\u2009mmol\/mol] [\u22649.0 vs &gt;9.0%], treatment modality [pump vs injections], prior participation in structured education, age, educational level, impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia, deprivation index quintile sex, ethnic group and Patient Health Questionnaire\u20109 [PHQ\u20109] detected depression category) were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred fifty\u2010six participants (females 44%, mean [SD] baseline HbA1c 71 [9] mmol\/mol 8.6 [0.8%], age 44 [15]) were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio to isCGM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200978) or SMBG (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200978). The mean (SD) baseline HbA1c (%) was 8.7 (0.9) in the isCGM group and 8.5 (0.8) in the SMBG group, lowering to 7.9 (0.8) versus 8.3 (0.9), respectively, at 24\u2009weeks (adjusted mean difference \u22120.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] \u22120.7 to \u22120.3; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001]. For HbA1c, there was no impact of treatment modality, prior participation in structured education, deprivation index quintile, sex or baseline depression category. The between\u2010group difference in HbA1c was larger for younger people (a reduction of 2.7 [95% CI 0.3\u20135.0; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028] mmol\/mol for every additional 15\u2009years of age). Those with HbA1c 76\u201397\u2009mmol\/mol (&gt;9.0%\u201311.0%) had a marginally non\u2010significant higher reduction in HbA1c of 8.4\u2009mmol\/mol (3.3\u201313.5) compared to 3.1 (0.3\u20136.0) in those with HbA1c 58\u201375\u2009mmol\/mol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08). For \u2018Time in range\u2019 (% 3.9\u201310\u2009mmol\/L), the difference was larger for those with at least a bachelor's degree. For \u2018Time below range\u2019 (% &lt;3.9\u2009mmol\/L), the difference was larger for those using injections, older people and those with less than bachelor's degree.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring is generally effective across a range of baseline characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T07:24:02Z","timestamp":1698477842000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: A subgroup analysis from the <scp>FLASH\u2010UK<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lalantha","family":"Leelarathna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research &amp; Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Manchester Clinical Trials Unit, Division of Population Health, Health Service Research &amp; Primary Care University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust\u2010MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge University Hospitals and University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sankalpa","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"Rayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Diabetes and Endocrine Centre, Ipswich Hospital East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust  Ipswich UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lumley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Adam Practice  Dorset UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Cranston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Queen Alexandra Hospital  Cosham, Portsmouth UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4583-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Parth","family":"Narendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham  Edgbaston, Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashma","family":"Krishan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research &amp; Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicky P.","family":"Taxiarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Women's Mental Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3888-3123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine","family":"Barnard\u2010Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barnard Health BHR Limited  Hampshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3650-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Centre for Health Economics, Division of Population Health, Health Service Research &amp; Primary Care University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Clinical Trials Unit, Division of Population Health, Health Service Research &amp; Primary Care University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maisie","family":"Camm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6076-6997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hood","family":"Thabit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Diabetes Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma G.","family":"Wilmot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust Royal Derby Hospital  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the FLASH\u2010UK Trial Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68341-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014572170403000119"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2018.0384"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13584"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-050713"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2205650"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr077003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"English Indices of Deprivation 2019","author":"Gov.uk","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15277\/bjd.2021.322"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0738"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14942"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05578-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00789-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968221128315"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.15249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T05:27:17Z","timestamp":1708061237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.15249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.15249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.15249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15249"}}