{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T23:58:40Z","timestamp":1775519920454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5\/4\/5 \u20108\/Diab19\u2010NCDIII"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/4\/5 \u20108\/Diab19\u2010NCDIII"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Islet antibody\u2010negative type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been well characterised. We determined the frequency of antibody\u2010negative T1DM and compared it with antibody\u2010positive T1DM in a cohort of north Indian children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a multi\u2010centre, prospective, observational study, 176 Indian children (age 1\u201318\u2009years) were assessed within 2\u2009weeks of diagnosis of T1DM. Antibodies against GAD65 (GADA), islet antigen\u20102 (IA\u20102A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A), were estimated using validated ELISA. HLA\u2010DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles were studied by Luminex\u2010based typing. Monogenic diabetes was determined by targeted next\u2010generation sequencing using the Illumina platform.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After excluding 12 children with monogenic diabetes, GADA, IA\u20102A and ZnT8A were present in 124 (76%), 60 (37%) and 62 (38%) children, respectively, while 24 (15%) were negative for all antibodies. A single antibody (most frequently GADA) was present in 68 (41%) of children, while all three antibodies were found in 34 (21%). Islet antibody\u2010negative T1DM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924, 15%) did not differ from antibody\u2010positive children in their clinical features, HbA1c or plasma C\u2010peptide, both at onset or after 1\u2009year follow\u2010up (available in 62 children). The frequency of other organ\u2010specific antibodies or high\u2010risk HLA\u2010DR and DQ alleles were also similar. Children with a single islet antibody did not differ from those with multiple antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of various islet\u2010antibodies, in isolation and combination, differed considerably from studies among children of European descent with T1DM. Children with T1DM who were islet antibody\u2010negative were indistinguishable from those who were antibody\u2010positive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T18:08:56Z","timestamp":1731953336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterisation of islet antibody\u2010negative type 1 diabetes mellitus in Indian children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Jayakrishnan C.","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Archana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Kanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunogenetics and Transplant Immunology All India Institute of Medical Sciences  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Lady Hardinge Medical College  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Medha","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalay  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atul","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Lady Hardinge Medical College  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-664X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijayalakshmi","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Dabadghao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siddhnath","family":"Sudhanshu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchira","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences  Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivendra","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology GSVM Medical College  Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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