{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:15:21Z","timestamp":1794003321328,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes self\u2010management education (DSME) and support (DSME\/S) delivered via mobile health (mHealth) is potentially cost\u2010effective, if proven effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the effectiveness of DSME, DSMS or DSME\/S delivered by mHealth interventions compared to usual care (UC) or attention placebo control (APC) in adults with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched (1) MEDLINE, (2) Embase, (3) PsycINFO, (4) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via the Cochrane Register of Studies Online, (5) <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, and (6) World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from the year 2000 to January 31, 2023. We included RCTs comparing DSME\/S delivered via mHealth versus UC or APC. Four authors independently selected trials, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Primary outcome was HbA1c, outher outcomes secundairy. Meta\u2010analysed with random\u2010effects model was used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 43 trials involving 9328 participants; sample sizes ranging from 20 to 1119. Pooled effects on HbA1c were for DSME: mean difference (MD) of \u22124\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.3%), 95% CI \u22126\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.6%) to \u22121\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.1); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002; DSMS MD \u22124\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.4%), 95% CI 7\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.6%) to \u22122\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.2); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and DSME\/S MD of \u22122\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.2%) for HbA1c, 95% CI \u22123\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.3%) to \u22120\u2009mmol\/mol (\u22120.0%); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001. We found uncertain effects on other outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>mHealth interventions delivering self management education with or without support to adults with type 2 diabetes appear to have a modest beneficial effect on HbA1c. Only a few trials investigated patient\u2010reported outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T08:59:13Z","timestamp":1740560353000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Diabetes self\u2010management education and support delivered by mobile health (mHealth) interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes\u2014A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Anke","family":"Versluis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care\/ Health Campus The Hague Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Meike","family":"Boels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaike C. G.","family":"Huijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care\/ Health Campus The Hague Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon D.","family":"Mijnsbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care\/ Health Campus The Hague Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy E. H. M.","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1074-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rimke C.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care\/ Health Campus The Hague Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1557-0843(08)80009-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721716689694"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008776.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/50839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-016-9765-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i2.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0679-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39465.451748.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins JPT","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Review Managemer (RevMan). Version 5.4.1. The Cochrane Collaboration 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm85020023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-11-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2015.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15605\/jafes.028.02.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2019.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001237"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0017896920981617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2007.00881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.3882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.1233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296818804522"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2010.0031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-015-0754-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18999\/nagjms.79.3.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968211033837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes21047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721718767400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.28.2.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2015.04.007"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"711","article-title":"Reinforcement of adherence to prescription recommendations in Asian Indian diabetes patients using short message service (SMS)\u2014a pilot study","volume":"59","author":"Shetty AS","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-602"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-000981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_199_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11874-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2020.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15531.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/37430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4973-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.6439"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2019.0305"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018953"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1280-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1174"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.70002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T03:24:49Z","timestamp":1744946689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.70002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.70002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.70002","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70002"}}