{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:22:37Z","timestamp":1789636957602,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore experiences of stigma related to gestational diabetes (GDM) among Australian women and collaboratively develop a comprehensive item pool to assess experienced and internalised GDM\u2010specific stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A GDM Lived Experience Advisory Group (G\u2010LEAG;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) informed all aspects of a two\u2010phase qualitative research process. Phase 1 included semi\u2010structured online interviews with 20 women with current or recent GDM. Reflexive thematic analysis identified drivers and facilitators, markers, manifestations, impacts and protective mechanisms of GDM stigma. Findings informed the development of an item pool, debriefed and refined with a subset of 10 participants in Phase 2 interviews.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants perceived, experienced, anticipated and\/or internalised GDM\u2010specific stigma. They perceived GDM\u2010specific stigma to be driven by stereotypes and blame, and facilitated by societal norms regarding motherhood and pregnancy, media messaging, as well as inflexible and inconsistent healthcare policies. They reported social, emotional and self care impacts, as well as perceived loss of autonomy in clinical care. They proposed potential protective mechanisms, including social and healthcare support, self\u2010belief and self\u2010compassion, and community awareness. In cognitive debriefing interviews, women reported that the draft items comprehensively covered their experiences of GDM\u2010specific stigma and offered suggestions for refinement, resulting in a 74\u2010item pool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings provide rich insights into the experiences and impacts of stigma among women with GDM in Australia and resulted in a co\u2010designed GDM\u2010specific stigma item pool. The item pool is ready for psychometric assessment and item reduction, which will enable future quantification of the occurrence, impacts and mechanisms of GDM\u2010specific stigma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:23:33Z","timestamp":1747992213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Exploring the social experiences, stigma and discrimination, faced by women with gestational diabetes: A collaborative qualitative study and item\u2010pool development"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9139-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Holmes\u2010Truscott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes Diabetes Victoria  Carlton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-1068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Litterbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes Diabetes Victoria  Carlton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Arampatzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gestational Diabetes Lived Experience Advisory Group (G\u2010LEAG) Diabetes Victoria  Carlton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Calyx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gestational Diabetes Lived Experience Advisory Group (G\u2010LEAG) Diabetes Victoria  Carlton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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