{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:14:07Z","timestamp":1790802847670,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study described incidence and prevalence trends of type 1 diabetes in children and youth under 20\u2009years of age from 1997 to 2023 in the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) and assessed for a 4\u2010, 5\u2010, or 6\u2010year cyclicity or increase in incidence during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using linked population\u2010level databases and a validated case\u2010finding and diabetes differentiating algorithm, we identified children with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1997 and 2023. Data sources included hospital admissions, outpatient physician visits, and dispensed prescriptions. Population denominators were based on annual age\u2010 and sex\u2010stratified population estimates. We calculated incidence per 100,000 and prevalence per 100 cases, using JoinPoint regression to identify trend changes. Cyclical patterns were tested using sine and cosine terms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1997 to 2023, the incidence of paediatric type 1 diabetes increased markedly until 2008 and then declined very gradually, with similar patterns across age and sex. Incidence was higher in boys, highest among children aged 5 to 14\u2009years, and lowest in those aged 15 to 19\u2009years. After 2012, prevalent cases stabilized in those under 10 and decreased in those over 10\u2009years old. There was no evidence of cyclical trends or changes in incidence or prevalence during or after the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report a stabilization of type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence, along with the absence of pandemic\u2010related increases. These trends may in part reflect demographic changes in British Columbia's paediatric population, including a growing proportion of children from immigrant backgrounds with historically lower type 1 diabetes risk. Unfortunately, our data sources do not include ethnicity, limiting our ability to explore these patterns directly. This study will support the optimization of resource allocation and inform healthcare improvement and long\u2010term management of childhood type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:41:53Z","timestamp":1757464913000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A longitudinal cohort study describing childhood type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence rates in British Columbia, Canada over 27\u2009years (1997\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5193-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shazhan","family":"Amed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"BC Children's Hospital Research Institute  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey N.","family":"Bone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children's Hospital Research Institute  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8842-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shreya B.","family":"Kishore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8761-3453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BC Children's Hospital Research Institute  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3124-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3709-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-0604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00400806"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.21281"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2023.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2011.00795.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada.Population estimates on July 1 by age and gender.2024. Accessed January 27 2025.https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/cv.action?pid=171000050."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Statistical Methodology and Applications Branch Surveillance Research Program National Cancer Institute.Joinpoint regression program version 5.3.0.0.2024. Accessed January 27 2025.https:\/\/surveillance.cancer.gov\/help\/joinpoint\/joinpoint\u20105\u20100\u2010default\u2010settings\u2010changes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4763-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2021.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CummingsE FlemmingM TalbotP.Trends in incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents over 25\u2009years in Nova Scotia Canada: 1994\u20132018. In Abstract for the 46th Annual Conference of the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD). Virtual Pediatric Diabetes.2020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.08.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Statistics Canada.Visible minority and population group reference guide census of population 2021. Published October 26 2022. 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