{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:50:42Z","timestamp":1791366642924,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is emerging evidence that maternal hyperglycaemia may be associated with adverse offspring neuro\u2010behavioural outcomes, which are foundational to educational success. We hypothesised that higher levels of maternal glucose would be associated with poorer educational attainment in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included 13,627 children from the UK's Born in Bradford cohort. Exposures included maternal fasting glucose, 2\u2010h post\u2010load glucose and a clinical diagnosis of gestational diabetes. The primary outcome was failure to achieve a \u2018good level of development\u2019 on the Early Years Foundation Stage Profile at age five. The association was tested using multivariable Poisson regression, accounting for sibling clusters and using multiple imputation for missing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher maternal fasting glucose (at 26\u201328\u2009weeks gestation) was associated with an increased risk of failing to achieve a good level of development (adjusted RR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00, 1.08;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034). This association appeared stronger in children of Pakistani ethnicity compared to White British ethnicity. No association was found for 2\u2010h post\u2010load glucose or gestational diabetes diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings offer insights into the developmental origins of inequalities in child educational outcomes and highlight potential opportunities to optimise future health and learning through interventions during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T19:49:48Z","timestamp":1775418588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal glycaemia and child educational attainment at age 5 in the Born in Bradford cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-5115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire A.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King\u2018s College London  London UK"},{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Born in Bradford, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Simonoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King\u2018s College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise M.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King\u2018s Women\u2018s Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King\u2018s College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalida","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King\u2018s College London  London UK"},{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6226-8270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh 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