{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:58:18Z","timestamp":1781200698283,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Language is a powerful tool that shapes how people experience diabetes, their engagement with care and ultimately their outcomes. This guidance document for healthcare professionals in Ireland outlines why Language Matters in diabetes care and aims to support person\u2010centred, strengths\u2010based and non\u2010judgemental communication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The guidance was developed by an Irish multidisciplinary working group, including healthcare professionals, researchers and people with lived experience of diabetes. The group drew on international Language Matters guidance, published evidence, Irish data on diabetes\u2010related language, stigma, distress and healthcare engagement, and insights from lived experience to develop practical recommendations for person\u2010centred diabetes communication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stigmatising or judgemental words can contribute to diabetes distress, disengagement and suboptimal self\u2010management. This guidance provides practical recommendations to foster collaboration, reduce stigma and improve quality of life. Key recommendations include using person\u2010first language, avoiding blame and fear, ensuring consistency across teams, and embedding reflective practice and communication training within healthcare teams.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Language is a core component of diabetes care. Consistent use of respectful, empathetic and non\u2010judgemental communication may strengthen therapeutic relationships, support engagement with care and help create a culture in which people living with diabetes feel understood, respected and empowered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T14:01:03Z","timestamp":1779372063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Language matters: Guidance for person\u2010centred diabetes communication in Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Breen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity Services, Endocrine Unit St Columcille's Hospital, HSE  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Diabetes National Clinical Programme, ICPCD, HSE  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Powell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion Research Centre University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Finnegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD School of Psychology University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1576-1801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. M.","family":"McInerney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population\u2010Based Medicine University of T\u00fcbingen  T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thriveabetes Founder  Clare Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology Galway University Hospital  Galway Ireland"},{"name":"Community Healthcare West, HSE  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Gajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetic Retina Screen National Screening Service, HSE  Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"Seven Nations Group (Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales, Jersey and Guernsey, Diabetic Screening Programmes DR screening in Europe)  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galway University Hospital  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Integrated Care Hub  Clonskeagh Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Healthcare West, HSE  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. C.","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Research Methodology, School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Keighron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Galway  Galway Ireland"},{"name":"International Diabetes Federation  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Coalition for People living with Obesity (ICPO)  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish College of GPs (ICGP)  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Deasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Screening Service, HSE  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Forde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Midwifery University College Cork  Cork Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M.","family":"Creaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology &amp; Health Research Institute University of Limerick  Limerick Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lowry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Occupational Therapy Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Birney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Irish Coalition for People living with Obesity (ICPO) Executive Director and ASOI Patient Representative  Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9258-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Deschenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD School of Psychology University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1625-9394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. P.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology Galway University Hospital  Galway Ireland"},{"name":"Community Healthcare West, HSE  Galway Ireland"},{"name":"School of Medicine University of Galway  Galway Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Diabetes Australia.Our Language Matters: Improving communication with and about people with diabetes.2012.https:\/\/www.languagemattersdiabetes.com\/_files\/ugd\/09baf1_dcd6f8fe8c0848ed80c2ae2b54a4a308.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","unstructured":"Language Matters Diabetes. Publications: Language Matters: The Guides [Internet].https:\/\/www.languagemattersdiabetes.com\/the\u2010documents. Accessed 17 May 2026."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","unstructured":"Language Matters UK.Language and Diabetes.2018.https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/long\u2010read\/language\u2010matters\u2010language\u2010and\u2010diabetes\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","unstructured":"Language Matthers: A guide to using inclusive and empathetic language for Women with Diabetes.2024.https:\/\/www.dstigmatize.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Language\u2010Matters\u2010Women\u20101.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70311"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","unstructured":"Talking about Diabetes: Language Matters.2024.https:\/\/www.languagemattersdiabetes.com\/_files\/ugd\/09baf1_fb81d6f8195f4d30a60c262f0dd5a967.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1558"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19961-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi.2509"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","unstructured":"SpeightJ HermannsN JensenW et\u00a0al.2026 EASD Evidence\u2010Based Clinical Practice Guideline for Assessing and Managing Diabetes Distress among Adults with Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes. European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) D\u00fcsseldorf2026."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2023.110774"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Impact of physician\u2010patient communication on diabetes self\u2010management and glycemic control: a cross\u2010sectional study in tertiary healthcare centers","volume":"8","author":"Howal P","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395318782378"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1361"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GriffinTP O'LoughlinA DinneenSF.How Should Secondary Causes of Diabetes Be Excluded? inClinical Dilemmas in Diabetes.2021p. 45\u201367.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119603207.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15424"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.70589"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00347-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds16-0082"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/cd16-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005625"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40271-012-0001-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4289-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.44967"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","article-title":"Stigmatising language and its association with psychological outcomes among people living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Finnegan M","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.r981"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780198856153.013.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038636"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032762"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","unstructured":"Homes\u2010TruscottE ReadM SpeightJ.ACBRD.https:\/\/acbrd.org.au\/2025\/06\/24\/the\u2010language\u2010of\u2010diabetes\u2010whats\u2010changed\u2010and\u2010what\u2010still\u2010needs\u2010to\u2010change\/amp\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30406-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sah0000191"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","volume-title":"Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Model of Care for Ireland","author":"Diabetes in Pregnancy Model of Care Working Group (Subgroup of National Clinical Programme for Diabetes)","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05542-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000527131"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","unstructured":"Obesity UK Obesity UK: Language Matters.2020."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","article-title":"Communication in a consultation: It's the vibe of the thing","volume":"24","author":"Lam S","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","unstructured":"Cleveland Clinic.Empathy: the Human Connection to Patient Care.2013YouTube. Accessed: 23 April 2026.https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=cDDWvj_q\u2010o8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pdi.2073"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2830910"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-9-78"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","unstructured":"Health Service Executive.Guidelines for Communicating Clearly using Plain English with our Patients and Service Users: A resource to improve the quality and consistency of our communications.2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","unstructured":"Health Service Executive.New communications toolkit supports our values of quality equity and respect[Internet]. Dublin: Health Service Executive;2025May 1 [cited 2025 Nov 14].https:\/\/www2.healthservice.hse.ie\/organisation\/nss\/news\/communications\u2010toolkit\u2010supports\u2010quality\u2010equity\u2010and\u2010respect\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","first-page":"x","volume-title":"Harper Torchbooks TB 5126","author":"Sch\u00f6n DA","year":"1983"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.70364","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dme.70364","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.70364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T17:19:02Z","timestamp":1781198342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.70364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.70364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.70364","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70364"}}