{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:30:48Z","timestamp":1786645848760,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011725","name":"Servier","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020013","name":"NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the performance of conventional adherence assessment methods against objective chemical adherence testing (CAT) in people with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this prospective cohort study, 90 participants with type 2 diabetes attending primary care were assessed using CAT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949), medication possession ratio (MPR;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200960) and Hill\u2010Bone Medication Adherence Scale (HBMAS;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200958). Associations with HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      and blood pressure (BP) were assessed, and within\u2010person diagnostic performance was evaluated in 21 participants with all three measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Only CAT\u2010defined non\u2010adherence was associated with significantly higher HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      , while CAT and MPR showed a significant association with diastolic BP. Within\u2010person analysis suggested poor sensitivity for both MPR (16.7%; 95% CI 4.7\u201344.8) and HBMAS (66.7%; 95% CI 39.1\u201386.2), although HBMAS demonstrated very low specificity (11.1%; 95% CI 2.0\u201343.5) compared with CAT.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional adherence methods are low\u2010sensitivity diagnostic tests, and CAT offers improved diagnosis of non\u2010adherence in people with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T17:46:41Z","timestamp":1786643201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conventional adherence assessment methods are low\u2010sensitivity diagnostic tests in people with type 2 diabetes: The\n                    <scp>TARGET<\/scp>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7404-1276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanad","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sian","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Vision Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prashanth","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicester British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2343-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Khunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicester British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Seidu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicester British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Life Sciences University of Leicester  Leicester UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Pathology and Metabolic Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust  Leicester UK"},{"name":"Leicester British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence University of Leicester  Leicester 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