{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:50:44Z","timestamp":1791366644981,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the platform\u2010independent robustness of the continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)\u2010derived High Blood Glucose Index (HBGI) and the predictive utility of a single day for progression to type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed 365 valid CGM records from three devices across four independent cohorts. Linear mixed\u2010effects modelling partitioned HBGI variance by device, dataset and metabolic status. Cross\u2010sectional analyses, utilizing full monitoring periods to ensure biological robustness, evaluated HBGI gradients across glycaemic stages. Longitudinal analyses, utilizing single\u2010day recordings, evaluated its predictive accuracy for progression to overt diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Device type accounted for only 3.4% of total HBGI variance, compared with 31.8% for metabolic status. Cross\u2010sectionally, HBGI demonstrated a robust stepwise increase from healthy through prediabetes to diabetes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Longitudinally, baseline HBGI significantly differentiated metabolic progressors from non\u2010progressors (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) and showed moderate predictive accuracy (area under the curve\u2009=\u20090.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.61\u20130.85). Discriminative performance was comparable to mean glucose and superior to the M\u2010value, time in range (70\u2013180\u2009mg\/dL) and coefficient of variation. Notably, among prediabetic individuals with established glycaemic indices within recommended ranges, elevated HBGI (&gt;0.174) identified an occult high\u2010risk subgroup with a 5.39\u2010 to 6.13\u2010fold higher progression risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HBGI is a device\u2010agnostic metric that effectively stratifies glycaemic severity. A single\u2010day HBGI assessment provides complementary risk stratification by unmasking occult risk in prediabetes with established CGM indices within recommended ranges. However, given the limited progression events, its predictive threshold requires validation in larger, independent cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:49:42Z","timestamp":1786654182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High blood glucose index stratifies glycaemic severity and identifies occult type 2 diabetes risk in prediabetes via single\u2010day continuous glucose monitoring: A multi\u2010cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3064-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiming","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4810-4063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuoning","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yating","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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