{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:55:00Z","timestamp":1791172500544,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD Lawrence Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD Lawrence Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabet Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight\u2010threatening consequence of diabetes. DR disrupts cell\u2010to\u2010cell communication in the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU), impairing blood flow which leads to vascular complications. Here, we propose an integrated framework of DR pathogenesis in which impaired clearance mechanisms and accumulation of extracellular metabolic waste act in concert to drive NVU dysfunction. By integrating evidence across cellular and molecular domains, we aim to highlight how these early events set the stage for later complications, including diabetic macular oedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We have examined and summarised the literature, synthesising evidence and providing a narrative review of the impact of diabetes on retinal clearance homeostasis. PubMed database was used to search for terms including diabetic retinopathy, neurovascular unit, clearance and extracellular waste.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes disrupts blood\u2013retinal barrier integrity, alters retinal waste production and fluid homeostasis, and promotes the accumulation of misfolded and glycated proteins. However, these processes, despite being interdependent, have largely been considered in isolation. This review integrates the available evidence to identify impaired retinal clearance as a convergent mechanistic link between barrier dysfunction, altered fluid dynamics and extracellular waste accumulation in DR. It also highlights how the specific clearance pathways may contribute to disease progression and represent potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Failure of tissue homeostasis may represent a critical but underappreciated driver of progressive retinal NVU dysfunction during DR. In this context, extracellular waste accumulation is not merely a downstream consequence of retinopathic progression, but a potential initiating factor that links metabolic dysregulation to the breakdown of the blood\u2013retinal barrier and disrupts retinal architecture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.70485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:46:34Z","timestamp":1791171994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rethinking diabetic retinopathy: Homeostatic mechanisms for retinal clearance"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3496-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karis","family":"Little","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3315-5282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith","family":"Lechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6163-4590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"De Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Institute of Ophthalmology  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7301-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tara","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Perais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Beli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Lois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8647-9918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan W.","family":"Stitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen's University Belfast Wellcome\u2010Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine  Belfast UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1726-22.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02506.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1553-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas 11th Edition 2025","author":"IDF","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12384"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1079217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00451-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00591"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4692-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Diabetic retinopathy: management and monitoring.Draft Guidel NG10256.2023;(August):1\u201051.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/gid\u2010ng10256\/documents\/draft\u2010guideline"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2016.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.15326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13081320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2021.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0927"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0766-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.9.1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.184465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adn6047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.59.11.649"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680601072123","article-title":"Arteriolar involvement in the microvascular lesions of diabetic retinopathy: implications for pathogenesis","volume":"14","author":"Gardiner TA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522014113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2425"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.40.9.1122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-014-9476-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05218-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097302"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","first-page":"3109","article-title":"Diabetes\u2010induced dysfunction of the glutamate transporter in retinal M\u00fcller cells","volume":"43","author":"Li Q","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.050174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03021-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1971-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-006-0516-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(81)90638-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01282-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-018-0261-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101770"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.6.1615","article-title":"The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism","volume":"54","author":"Brownlee M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12071466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.129760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45387-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2007.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/108328"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.05.041","article-title":"Vitreous levels of reactive oxygen species in proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"115","author":"Yeh P\u2010T","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.2.5.9657","article-title":"cAMP activates the generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibits the secretion of IL\u20106 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"2","author":"Isoni CA","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0026-0495(98)90255-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2010.6212"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001363"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9060561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612043383124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5881"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0198-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2011.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050747"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","first-page":"523","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) co\u2010localize with AGE receptors in the retinal vasculature of diabetic and of AGE\u2010infused rats","volume":"150","author":"Stitt AW","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.6.746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.1.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2393-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2025.156149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1900-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3523-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-0619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12177-011-9070-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05949-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.621938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1071-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","first-page":"2524","article-title":"Evidence supporting a role for N\u2010(3\u2010formyl\u20103,4\u2010dehydropiperidino)lysine accumulation in M\u00fcller glia dysfunction and death in diabetic retinopathy","volume":"16","author":"Yong PH","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06515-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.101038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.695267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/160140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2594-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2986-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/743780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23678"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.02.016"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of blood\u2010retinal barrier breakdown in human diabetics","volume":"134","author":"Vinores SA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1160"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5493\/wjem.v6.i4.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2022.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0909142"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0281-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b14-00819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1328979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0774-15.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0295-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-004-0156-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251378759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.678698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748"},{"issue":"6512","key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8739","article-title":"Glymphatic failure as a final common pathway to dementia","volume":"370","author":"Nedergaard M","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.172286"},{"issue":"6483","key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax7171","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid influx drives acute ischemic tissue swelling","volume":"367","author":"Mestre H","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science (80\u2010)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw3210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00524-w"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16654702","article-title":"Impairment of the glymphatic system after diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Jiang Q","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18115-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.130273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20795-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48203-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-26045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.12.1701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-200601000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2023.108339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090889"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","first-page":"959","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy alters light\u2010induced clock gene expression and dopamine levels in the mouse retina","volume":"22","author":"Lahouaoui H","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(02)00043-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-1068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17071145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.mp.2025-0127"}],"container-title":["Diabetic Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.70485","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dme.70485","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dme.70485","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:46:43Z","timestamp":1791172003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dme.70485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"references-count":153,"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dme.70485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.70485","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-3071","1464-5491"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-3071","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-5491","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70485"}}