{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:01:35Z","timestamp":1789657295156,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]],"date-time":"2012-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n We compared metformin with insulin as treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Furthermore, we aimed to characterize metformin\u2010treated patients needing additional insulin to achieve prespecified glucose targets.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We conducted a single centre randomized controlled study with non\u2010inferiority design comparing metformin and insulin in the treatment of 217 GDM patients having birth weight as primary outcome variable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There were no significant differences in mean birth weight expressed in grams [+15 (90% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ): \u2212121 to 89)] or\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n units [+0.04 (90%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n : \u22120.27 to 0.18)] between the metformin and insulin groups. There were no significant differences in neonatal or maternal data between the groups. Only 23 (20.9%) of the 110 patients in the metformin group needed additional insulin. Compared with the patients on metformin only, those needing additional insulin were older (p\u2009=\u20090.04), their oral glucose tolerance test had been performed earlier and diabetes therapy started earlier in gestation (p\u2009=\u20090.01 and p\u2009=\u20090.004, respectively). The risk for additional insulin was 4.6\u2010fold in women with baseline serum fructosamine concentration above median compared with those below median.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Metformin is an effective alternative to insulin in the treatment of\n GDM<\/jats:styled-content>\n patients. Serum fructosamine may help in predicting the adequacy of metformin treatment alone.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,30]],"date-time":"2012-09-30T12:33:12Z","timestamp":1349008392000},"page":"246-251","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Metformin vs. insulin in gestational diabetes. A randomized study characterizing metformin patients needing additional insulin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Tertti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Ekblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Koskinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry University of Turku and TYKSLAB, Hospital District of Southwest Finland Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Vahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Turku Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"R\u00f6nnemaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Gestational diabetes. 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Diabetes in America","author":"Coustan DR","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.00985.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2009.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.02.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02763.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1011","article-title":"Metformin and insulin in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus: preliminary results of a comparison","volume":"52","author":"Moore LE","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02780.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2008.5.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Hyv\u00f6nen K. 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Statistical report 27\/2011 Finland (THL) 2012."}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.12017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.12017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:23:44Z","timestamp":1761863024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.12017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.12017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12017","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,24]]}}}