{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:31:14Z","timestamp":1788359474483,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,18]],"date-time":"2013-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"\n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare \u2018progression to insulin\u2019 for three cohorts on oral antidiabetic medication combinations: metformin\/sulphonylurea (Met\/\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), metformin\/thiazolidinedione (Met\/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and sulphonylurea\/thiazolidinedione (\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort analysis design was used. The subjects were US nationwide members of military and their families. A total of 5608 patients who were on antidiabetic monotherapy for at least 1\u2009year before adding a second agent to their medication regimen between October 2001 and September 2008 participated in this study. Mean age ranged from 64 to 71\u2009years among the cohorts. Cox regression compared the progression to insulin, adjusting for demographics, months of follow\u2010up and co\u2010morbidities [measured with Chronic Disease Score (CDS)].<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n By the end of the 2\u2010 to 6\u2010year follow\u2010up period, 14.3% of the Met\/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort, 23.6% of the Met\/\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort and 28.2% of the\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort had insulin added to their regimen. Those in the Met\/\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort had a 1.8 times higher probability of progression to insulin than those in the Met\/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort [odds ratio (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2009=\u20091.80, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2009=\u20091.51\u20132.14), and those in the\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort had a 2.5 times higher probability of progression to insulin than those in the Met\/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.51, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.04\u20133.08).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n When sensitizers were paired (Met\/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), a lower percentage of patients progressed to insulin during the study period, as opposed to patients who used a combination of a secretagogue with a sensitizer (\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n or Met\/\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]],"date-time":"2013-03-26T08:59:35Z","timestamp":1364288375000},"page":"901-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Progression to insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus on dual oral antidiabetic therapy using the\n US<\/scp>\n Department of Defense Database"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Rascati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, The University of Texas College of Pharmacy Austin TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, The University of Texas College of Pharmacy Austin TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, The University of Texas College of Pharmacy Austin TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.\u2010I.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, The University of Texas College of Pharmacy Austin TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcomes and Pharmacy Practice Division, The University of Texas College of Pharmacy Austin TX 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