{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:22:46Z","timestamp":1761870166882,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,17]],"date-time":"2013-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n We aimed to identify predictors of hypoglycaemia in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes treated with a single daily bolus of insulin glulisine on top of insulin glargine and oral antidiabetic drugs (basal\u2010plus regimen).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We retrospectively analysed four large basal\u2010plus trials including 713 patients (47% female) with type 2 diabetes, mean age of 59.9\u2009\u00b1\u20099.5\u2009years and diabetes duration of 11\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0\u2009years. Predictors for symptomatic, severe and nocturnal hypoglycaemia were identified by multivariate logistic regression analyses, calculation of odds ratios (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) and Wald 95% confidence intervals (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n s).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean numbers of hypoglycaemic events per year were 4.64\u2009\u00b1\u200911.4 (symptomatic\u2009<\u200960\u2009mg\/dl), 0.59\u2009\u00b1\u20092.28 (nocturnal) and 0.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22 (severe). A total of 44.5% of patients reached the composite endpoint of glycated haemoglobin (\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) <7.0% plus no severe hypoglycaemia, and 26.7% reached the composite of\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n <7.0% plus no symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Predictors of nocturnal and symptomatic hypoglycaemia were female gender (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.82; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.07\u20133.11 and\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.89; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.31\u20132.78), diabetes duration >10 versus <5\u2009years (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.61; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.03\u20136.59 and\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2.01; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.15\u20133.51) and higher basal insulin dose (per unit of increase) (\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.01; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.00\u20131.03 and\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.01; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.00\u20131.02). Conversely, a higher body mass index (\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (27\u201330 vs. <27\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n and >30 vs. <27\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) conferred a reduced risk of symptomatic hypoglycaemia with an\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n of 0.53 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.31\u20130.90) and an\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n of 0.61 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.39\u20130.97).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Female gender, a long diabetes duration and higher basal insulin dose were predictors of hypoglycaemia, while protection was provided by\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009>\u200930. These results may help to successfully establish basal\u2010plus insulin regimen in individual patients on their transition from basal\u2010only to basal\u2010bolus treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,28]],"date-time":"2013-08-28T11:10:41Z","timestamp":1377688241000},"page":"248-254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Composite efficacy parameters and predictors of hypoglycaemia in basal\u2010plus insulin therapy\u2014a combined analysis of 713 type 2 diabetic patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Seufert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Brath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Health Center South Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Pscherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Klinik Traunstein, Medizinische Klinik\u2014Diabetologie Traunstein Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Borck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi Aventis Deutschland GmbH Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bramlage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pharmakologie und pr\u00e4ventive Medizin Mahlow Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Siegmund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Vascular Medicine Academic Teaching Hospital Munich\u2010Bogenhausen Munich 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