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Aim of the present systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies were grouped into 15 different strategies: 1: diet plus physical activity; 2: physical activity; 3\u20136: anti\u2010diabetic drugs [glitazones, metformin, beta\u2010cell stimulating drugs (sulphanylureas, glinides), alfa\u2010glucosidase inhibitors]; 7\u20138: cardiovascular drugs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACE<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitors, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARB<\/jats:styled-content>, calcium antagonists); 9\u201314 [diets, lipid\u2010affecting drugs (orlistat, bezafibrate), vitamins, micronutrients, estrogens, alcohol, coffee]; 15: bariatric surgery. Only controlled studies were included in the analysis, whether randomized, non\u2010randomized, observational studies, whether primarily designed to assess incident cases of diabetes, or performed with other purposes, such as control of hypertension, of ischemic heart disease or prevention of cardiovascular events. Appropriate methodology [preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRISMA<\/jats:styled-content>) statement] was used. Seventy\u2010one studies (490\u2009813 subjects), published as full papers, were analysed to identify predictors of new cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>, and were included in a meta\u2010analysis (random\u2010effects model) to study the effect of different strategies. Intervention effect (new cases of diabetes) was expressed as odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>), with 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C.I.s<\/jats:styled-content>). Publication bias was formally assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body mass index was in the overweight range for 13 groups, obese or morbidly obese in lipid\u2010affecting drugs and in bariatric surgery. Non\u2010surgical strategies, except for beta\u2010cell stimulating drugs, estrogens and vitamins, were able to prevent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>, with different effectiveness, from 0.37 (C.I. 0.26\u20130.52) to 0.85 (C.I. 0.77\u20130.93); the most effective strategy was bariatric surgery in morbidly obese subjects [0.16 (C.I. 0.11,0.24)]. At meta\u2010regression analysis, age of subjects and amount of weight lost were associated with effectiveness of intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data indicate that several strategies prevent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>, making it possible to make a choice for the individual subject.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,29]],"date-time":"2014-01-29T08:47:38Z","timestamp":1390985258000},"page":"719-727","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Prevention of type 2 diabetes; a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of different intervention strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Merlotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cattedra di Medicina Interna and Cattedra di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunit\u00e0 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Morabito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cattedra di Medicina Interna and Cattedra di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, and Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunit\u00e0 Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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