{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:11Z","timestamp":1787014091628,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]],"date-time":"2015-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program, NIH"},{"name":"NICHD","award":["1ZIAHD000641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1ZIAHD000641"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1ZIA-DK-069091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1ZIA-DK-069091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Medical Research Scholars Program (MAA)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of metformin on appetite and energy intake in obese children with hyperinsulinaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a 6\u2010month randomized, double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled trial to evaluate the effects of metformin 1000\u2009mg twice daily on body weight and energy balance in 100 obese children with hyperinsulinaemia aged 6\u201312\u2009years. The children ate\n                      <jats:italic>ad libitum<\/jats:italic>\n                      from standardized food arrays on two separate occasions before and after 6\u2009months of study medication. The first test meal was consumed after an overnight fast. The second was preceded by a pre\u2010meal load. For each test meal, energy intake was recorded, and the children completed scales of hunger, fullness and desire to eat.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the meal studies at baseline and after treatment with study medication were available for 84 children (metformin\u2010treated, n\u2009=\u200945; placebo\u2010treated, n\u2009=\u200939). Compared with placebo, metformin treatment elicited significant reductions from baseline in adjusted mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard error of the mean energy intake after the pre\u2010meal load (metformin: \u2212104.7\u2009\u00b1\u200983.8\u2009kcal vs. placebo: +144.2\u2009\u00b1\u200996.9\u2009kcal; p\u2009=\u20090.034) independently of changes in body composition. Metformin also significantly decreased ratings of hunger (\u22121.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.6 vs. +18.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3; p\u2009=\u20090.013) and increased ratings of fullness (+10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2 vs. \u221212.8\u2009\u00b1\u20097.0; p\u2009=\u20090.01) after the pre\u2010meal load.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest that decreased perceived hunger resulting in diminished food intake are among the mechanisms by which metformin treatment reduces body weight in overweight children with hyperinsulinaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T01:52:08Z","timestamp":1418089928000},"page":"363-370","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Effects of metformin on energy intake and satiety in obese children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Adeyemo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"McDuffie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kozlosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Department Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Krakoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK)  Phoenix AZ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Calis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Yanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20110386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.6.755"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effectiveness of metformin on weight loss in non\u2010diabetic individuals with obesity","volume":"121","author":"Seifarth C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.4.e55"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0241"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2008.21.4.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.064964"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1998.00304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"77","volume-title":"Feeding and Drinking","author":"Hetherington MRB","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(88)90230-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6663(89)90011-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.2.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.12.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.5.968"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5648.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.19.9.920"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"2379","article-title":"Metformin inhibits food intake and neuropeptide Y gene expression in the hypothalamus","volume":"8","author":"Duan Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1627"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)00669-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.03.06.db05-0917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-s231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1937-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.3.489"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.12426","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.12426","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T04:57:45Z","timestamp":1761886665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.12426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.12426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12426","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]]}}}