{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1790009141282,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006691","name":"Harvard Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the comparative cardiovascular disease (\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) safety of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in head\u2010to\u2010head comparisons with dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104) inhibitors, sulphonylureas or insulin, when added to metformin, as used in \u2018real\u2010world\u2019 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (\n T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Within a large\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n commercial health plan database linked to laboratory test results, we identified three pairwise 1 : 1 propensity\u2010score\u2010matched cohorts of patients with\n T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n aged \u226518 years treated with metformin who initiated a\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n or a comparator, i.e.\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor (n = 35 534), second\u2010generation sulphonylureas (n = 28 138) or insulin (n = 47 068), between 2005 and 2013. We examined the association between drug initiation and a composite\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n endpoint, comprising hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke or coronary revascularization.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n During the course of 1 year, there were 13.9 and 13.7\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n events per 1000 person\u2010years among propensity\u2010score\u2010matched initiators of\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitors [hazard ratio (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.02; 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 0.84\u20131.24]; and 12.1 versus 14.0 events among initiators of\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus sulphonylureas (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.86; 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.69\u20131.08). The effect estimates for\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus insulin were sensitive to the adjustment for glycated haemoglobin, after which the\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 1.01 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.73\u20131.41). Results were robust across several sensitivity analyses, including an as\u2010treated analysis considering up to 8.7 years of follow\u2010up.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n This large study, performing head\u2010to\u2010head comparisons of\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n with other antidiabetic agents in real\u2010world patients, provides estimates of relative safety precise enough to exclude large differences in\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk and adds further understanding to results from recent clinical trials.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T09:05:09Z","timestamp":1458637509000},"page":"755-765","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Comparative cardiovascular safety of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists versus other antidiabetic drugs in routine care: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Patorno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. M.","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"Goldfine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Gopalakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31828124ad"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-6-200409210-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpt196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001986"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/215764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-10-22"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307684"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1924"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000032240.28636.BD"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-8_Part_2-199710151-00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a663cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6646-9_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90103-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","unstructured":"Medscape Medical News.Top\u2010line data show CV benefit for liraglutide in type 2 diabetes.2016. 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