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Interestingly, intravenously administered metformin is ineffective and recently, metformin was shown to increase plasma concentrations of the glucose\u2010lowering gut incretin hormone glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101), which may contribute to metformin's glucose\u2010lowering effect in patients with type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms behind metformin\u2010induced increments in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 levels remain unknown, but it has been hypothesized that metformin stimulates\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 secretion directly and\/or indirectly and that metformin prolongs the half\u2010life of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101. Also, it has been suggested that metformin may potentiate the glucose\u2010lowering effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 by increasing target tissue sensitivity to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101. The present article critically reviews the possible mechanisms by which metformin may affect\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101 levels and sensitivity and discusses whether such alterations may constitute important and clinically relevant glucose\u2010lowering actions of metformin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T07:11:02Z","timestamp":1465197062000},"page":"955-961","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Involvement of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 in the glucose\u2010lowering effect of metformin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Bahne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Br\u00f8nden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Sonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Vilsb\u00f8ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen  Hellerup Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filip K.","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1294"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2620881"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1998.tb00314.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1992.tb01716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0488","article-title":"The primary glucose\u2010lowering effect of metformin resides in the gut, not the circulation. 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