{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:46:54Z","timestamp":1791341214878,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,15]],"date-time":"2016-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013360","name":"Invest Northern Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["POC308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POC308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008302","name":"Northern Ireland Department of Education and Learning","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the antidiabetic actions of three dogfish glucagon peptide analogues [known glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 and glucagon receptor co\u2010agonists] after chronic administration in diet\u2010induced high\u2010fat\u2010diet\u2010fed diabetic mice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n \n National\n I<\/jats:styled-content>\n nstitutes of\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n ealth\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n wiss mice were pre\u2010conditioned to a high\u2010fat diet (45% fat) for 100\u2009days, and control mice were fed a normal diet (10% fat). Normal diet control and high\u2010fat\u2010fed control mice received twice\u2010daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline injections, while the high\u2010fat\u2010fed treatment groups (n\u2009=\u20098) received twice\u2010daily injections of exendin\u20104(1\u201039), [\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2a]dogfish glucagon, [\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2a]dogfish glucagon exendin\u20104(31\u201039) or [\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2a]dogfish glucagon\u2010\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n ys\n 30<\/jats:sup>\n \u2010\u03b3\u2010glutamyl\u2010\n PAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n (25\u2009nmol\/kg body weight) for 51\u2009days.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After dogfish glucagon analogue treatment, there was a rapid and sustained decrease in non\u2010fasting blood glucose and an associated insulinotropic effect (analysis of variance, p\u2009<\u2009.05 to <.001) compared with saline\u2010treated high\u2010fat\u2010fed controls. All peptide treatments significantly improved i.p. and oral glucose tolerance with concomitant increased insulin secretion compared with saline\u2010treated high\u2010fat\u2010fed controls (p\u2009<.05 to <.001). After chronic treatment, no receptor desensitization was observed but insulin sensitivity was enhanced for all peptide\u2010treated groups (p\u2009<\u2009.01 to <.001) except [\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2a]dogfish glucagon. Both exendin\u20104 and [\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2a]dogfish glucagon exendin\u20104(31\u201039) significantly reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations compared with those found in lean controls (p\u2009=\u2009.0105 and p\u2009=\u2009.0048, respectively). Pancreatic insulin content was not affected by peptide treatments but [\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2a]dogfish glucagon and [\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n 2a]dogfish glucagon exendin\u20104(31\u201039) decreased pancreatic glucagon by 28%\u201034% (p\u2009=\u2009.0221 and p\u2009=\u2009.0075, respectively). The percentage of \u03b2\u2010cell area within islets was increased by exendin\u20104 and peptide analogue treatment groups compared with high\u2010fat\u2010fed controls and the \u03b2\u2010cell area decreased (p\u2009<\u2009.05 to <.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Overall, dogfish glucagon co\u2010agonist analogues had several beneficial metabolic effects, showing therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T03:10:47Z","timestamp":1467256247000},"page":"1013-1024","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dogfish glucagon analogues counter hyperglycaemia and enhance both insulin secretion and action in diet\u2010induced obese diabetic mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"F. P. 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