{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T08:00:28Z","timestamp":1777363228108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk to the World Obesity Federation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Overweight\/obesity is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and costs. Weight loss has been shown to reverse some of these effects, reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the potential monies available, from an\n English National Health Service<\/jats:styled-content>\n perspective, for weight loss interventions to be cost\u2010effective in the prevention of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n arkov model was developed, populated with overweight\/obese individuals from the\n H<\/jats:styled-content>\n ealth\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n urvey for\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n ngland, aged 30\u201374 years, free of pre\u2010existing\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and with available risk factor information to calculate\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk. All individuals were free of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n at baseline and, with each annual cycle, could transition to other health states of primary\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , secondary\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n or death according to transition probabilities for a maximum period of 10 years, or until death. Utilities, costs and the effects of weight loss on\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk factors were applied. The potential monies available for\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n prevention strategies, provided the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio met\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n arbitrary limits of between \u00a320 000 and \u00a330 000, was determined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Applying the effects of weight loss on\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk factors prevented 4\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n events and saved 17 quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years over 10 years per 1000 individuals. \u00a334 to \u00a351 was available per person per year for up to 10 years when meeting the\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n arbitrary limits.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Individual annual financial allowances for weight loss interventions to be considered cost\u2010effective is relatively low; however, as a large proportion of the population is affected, wide cheap societal interventions are important.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T10:56:39Z","timestamp":1474368999000},"page":"118-124","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effectiveness and cost\u2010effectiveness of interventions that cause weight loss and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ella","family":"Zomer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"World Obesity Federation (formerly the International Association for the Study of Obesity) London UK"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Leach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Obesity Federation (formerly the International Association for the Study of Obesity) London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Trimmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Obesity Federation (formerly the International Association for the Study of Obesity) London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Lobstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Obesity Federation (formerly the International Association for the Study of Obesity) London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health Research University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Obesity Federation (formerly the International Association for the Study of Obesity) London UK"},{"name":"Department of Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Finer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Obesity Federation (formerly the International Association for the Study of Obesity) London UK"},{"name":"National Centre for Cardiovascular Preventions and Outcomes University College London, London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Health Survey for England \u2013 2012","author":"Health and Social Care Information Centre","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"Tackling Obesities: Future Choices \u2013 Project Report","author":"Foresight","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"DobbsR SawersC ThompsonF et al.Overcoming Obesity: An Initial Economic Analysis. 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