{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T09:22:32Z","timestamp":1792142552650,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To study differences in clinical outcomes between initiating glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist (\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) vs insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral glucose\u2010lowering medications (\n OGLM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Prospective, randomized trials comparing\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and insulin treatment head\u2010to\u2010head as add\u2010on to\n OGLM<\/jats:styled-content>\n were identified (\n PubMed<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Differences from baseline values were compared for\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n , fasting plasma glucose, bodyweight, blood pressure, heartrate and lipoproteins. Proportions of patients reporting hypoglycaemic episodes were compared.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 712 publications identified, 23 describing 19 clinical trials were included in the meta\u2010analysis. Compared to insulin,\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n reduced\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n more effectively (\u0394 \u2212.12%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .0001). Basal insulin was more effective in reducing fasting plasma glucose (\u0394 \u22121.8 mmol\/L,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .0001).\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n reduced bodyweight more effectively (\u0394 \u22123.71 kg;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .0001). The proportion of patients experiencing hypoglycaemic episodes was 34% lower with\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .0001), with a similar trend for severe hypoglycaemia. Systolic blood pressure was lower and heartrate was higher with\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .0001). Triglycerides and\n LDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n cholesterol were significantly lower with\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Long\u2010acting\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n were better than short\u2010acting\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n in reducing\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n and fasting glucose, but were similar regarding bodyweight.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Slightly better glycaemic control can be achieved by adding\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n to\n OGLM<\/jats:styled-content>\n as compared to insulin treatment, with added benefits regarding bodyweight, hypoglycaemia, blood pressure and lipoproteins. These differences are in contrast to the fact that insulin is prescribed far more often than\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T01:41:04Z","timestamp":1476322864000},"page":"216-227","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["A meta\u2010analysis comparing clinical effects of short\u2010 or long\u2010acting\n GLP<\/scp>\n \u20101 receptor agonists versus insulin treatment from head\u2010to\u2010head studies in type 2 diabetic patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mirna S.","family":"Abd El Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Kahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juris J.","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Nauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2441"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0413"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.9-4-353"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Update on the Canadian Diabetes Association 2008 clinical practice guidelines","volume":"55","author":"Bhattacharyya OK","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.13.S1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.3080"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0132-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-5-199903020-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1668"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1205"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69705-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12591"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.3.8355"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401145"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Insulin vs GLP\u20101 analogues in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic subjects on oral therapy: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"36","author":"Abdul\u2010Ghani MA","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12541"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.2.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2647"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0343-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61206-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0338-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1518"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0474"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-8-200510180-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0510-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990802597951"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1797"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1900"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60406-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1333"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3360-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1472-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12498"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12540"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0876"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12262"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0001"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","first-page":"A 1","article-title":"Metaanalyse von direkten Vergleichsstudien zwischen Therapie mit GLP\u20101 Rezeptor\u2010Agonisten oder Insulin: unterschied f\u00fcr kurz\u2010 und langwirksame Medikamente?","volume":"11","author":"Abd El Aziz MS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologie Stoffw"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","first-page":"e123","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta\u2010analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"3","author":"Moher D","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0291"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70029-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70174-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.8.1130"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12076"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61267-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78371"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/672658"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001986"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1212914"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-309164"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12402"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.018"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","first-page":"LB 31","article-title":"Cancer risk with incretin\u2010based glucose\u2010lowering medications compared to placebo and non\u2010incretin comparators (late\u2010breaking abstract 115)","volume":"65","author":"Abd El Aziz MS","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3231-y"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.12804","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.12804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:20:41Z","timestamp":1761862841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.12804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.12804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12804","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]}}}