{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:48:13Z","timestamp":1787014093528,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008349","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002429","name":"Amgen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n Since 2005, several glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) have been approved to treat people with type 2 diabetes. These agents are considered for use at the same point in the treatment paradigm as basal insulins. A comprehensive comparison of these drug classes, therefore, can help inform treatment decisions. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n compared with basal insulins.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n \n MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n CENTRAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n PubMed<\/jats:styled-content>\n databases were searched. Randomized clinical trials (\n RCTs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of \u226516 weeks\u2019 duration comparing\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n vs basal insulins in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral antihyperglycemic drugs were included. Data on the change from baseline to 26 weeks (\u00b110 weeks) of treatment in hemoglobin A1c (\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and weight, as well as the proportion of patients experiencing hypoglycaemia, were extracted. Fixed\u2010effect pairwise meta\u2010analyses were conducted where data were available from \u22652 studies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifteen\n RCTs<\/jats:styled-content>\n were identified and 11 were meta\u2010analysed. The once\u2010weekly\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n , exenatide long acting release (\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and dulaglutide, led to greater, statistically significant mean\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n reductions vs basal insulins (exenatide: \u22120.31% [95% confidence interval \u22120.42, \u22120.19], dulaglutide: \u22120.39% [\u22120.49, \u22120.29]) whilst once\u2010daily liraglutide and twice\u2010daily exenatide did not (liraglutide: 0.06% [\u22120.06, 0.18], exenatide: 0.01% [\u22120.11, 0.13]). Mean weight reduction was seen with all\n GLP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\n RAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n while mean weight gain was seen with basal insulins. Interpretation of the analysis of hypoglycaemia was limited by inconsistent definitions and reporting. Because of the limited number of available studies sensitivity analyses to explore heterogeneity could not be conducted.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Although weight reduction is seen with all\n GLP\u20101 RA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2019s, only the once\u2010weekly agents, exenatide\n LAR<\/jats:styled-content>\n and dulaglutide, demonstrate significant\n HbA1c<\/jats:styled-content>\n reductions when compared to basal insulins.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T01:39:24Z","timestamp":1476322764000},"page":"228-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists compared with basal insulins for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus:\n a<\/scp>\n systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Sonal","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Eugene E.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center at the Southern Regional Area Health Education Center (AHEC) Fayetteville North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Community and Family Medicine Duke University Medical Center at the Southern Regional Area Health Education Center (AHEC) Fayetteville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita Y. M.","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly USA, LLC Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliette C.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON Epidemiology Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqra A.","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON Epidemiology Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen E.","family":"Korol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON Epidemiology Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie A.","family":"Waser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICON Epidemiology Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria B.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly Canada Inc. Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rattan","family":"Juneja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly USA, LLC Indianapolis Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.33.2.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP151063.CS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation.IDF treatment algorithm for people with type 2 diabetes 2016.https:\/\/www.idf.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Type%202%20treatment%20algorithm.pdf. Accessed April 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration.FDA approves Tanzeum (albiglutide) to treat type 2 diabetes. FDA [Internet].2014.http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/PressAnnouncements\/ucm393289.htm. Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Eperzan (albiglutide). EMA [Internet].2014.http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_\u2010_Public_assessment_report\/human\/002735\/WC500165119.pdf. Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration.FDA approves Trulicity (dulaglutide) to treat type 2 diabetes. FDA [Internet].2014.http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/NewsEvents\/Newsroom\/PressAnnouncements\/ucm415180.htm. Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Trulicity (dulaglutide). EMA [Internet].2014.http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/EPAR_\u2010_Public_assessment_report\/human\/002825\/WC500179473.pdf. Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2014.0188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61335-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01436.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61267-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70214-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1797"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3360-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"issue":"56","key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","article-title":"Performing meta\u2010analysis with incomplete statistical information in clinical trials clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Ma J","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","unstructured":"SchwarzerG.General package for meta\u2010analysis. Package \u2018meta\u2019 [Internet].2015.https:\/\/cran.r\u2010project.org\/web\/packages\/meta\/meta.pdf. Accessed October 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","unstructured":"HigginsJP GreenS.Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration 2011 [Internet].2011.http:\/\/handbook.cochrane.org\/front_page.htm. Accessed October 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12540"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70174-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12498"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60406-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-8-200510180-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Benefits of lixiLan, a titratable fixed\u2010ratio combination of insulin glargine plus lixisenatide, versus insulin glargine and lixisenatide monocomponents in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral agents: the lixiLan\u2010O randomized trial","volume":"15","author":"Rosenstock J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12406"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.09.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1472-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.5.1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.3080"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2534-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018814559725"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905479"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa075392"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.12805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.12805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.12805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:20:43Z","timestamp":1761862843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.12805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.12805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12805","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]}}}