{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T19:11:48Z","timestamp":1775070708605,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AG023178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG023178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"\n Aim<\/jats:title>\n \n To compare the cardiovascular (\n CV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) risk associated with dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104) inhibitors relative to sulphonylureas (\n SUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and thiazolidinediones (\n TZDs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n During 2007 to 2013, using\n M<\/jats:styled-content>\n edicare data for beneficiaries aged >65\u2009years, we identified the following 2 cohorts of new\u2010users, who had not been exposed to the drugs being compared in the 6\u2009months before initiation: (1)\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor vs\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n initiators and (2)\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor vs\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n initiators. Using propensity\u2010score\u2010adjusted\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ox models accounting for competing risk by death, we estimated the hazard ratios (\n HRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), risk differences and 95% confidence intervals (\n CIs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for myocardial infarction (\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), stroke, hospitalization for heart failure (\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and a combined outcome (\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , stroke, all\u2010cause mortality).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In the\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor vs\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n comparison, there were 30\u2009130\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor initiators and 68\u2009382\n SU<\/jats:styled-content>\n initiators. Their mean age was 75\u2009years, 41% were men and 55% had a baseline\n CV<\/jats:styled-content>\n condition. The\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n for the composite outcome was 0.75 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.72\u20100.79) over a median treatment duration of 1\u2009year, but the 1\u2010year risks of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n were 1.00 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.89\u20101.12) and 1.47 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.38\u20101.56) per 100 patients for\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitors and\n SUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively, and the corresponding stroke risks were 0.98 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.87\u20101.10) and 1.09 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.01\u20101.17). For the\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor vs\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n comparison, there were 20\u2009596\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor initiators and 13\u2009526\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n initiators without previous\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Their mean age was 74\u2009years, 42% were men and 30% had a baseline\n CV<\/jats:styled-content>\n event. The composite outcome\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 0.94 (95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.86\u20101.02) over a median treatment duration of 1\u2009year. The 1\u2010year risk for\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was ~0.90 and for stroke it was ~0.80 per 100 patients in both\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitor and\n TZD<\/jats:styled-content>\n initiators.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Although limited by the short treatment period, the present study suggests there is no increased short\u2010term risk of\n MI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , stroke or\n HF<\/jats:styled-content>\n with\n DPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20104 inhibitors vs\n SUs<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n TZDs<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T07:36:40Z","timestamp":1487057800000},"page":"970-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["No increased risk of cardiovascular events in older adults initiating dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors vs therapeutic alternatives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0223-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mugdha","family":"Gokhale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"},{"name":"Real World Evidence, GlaxoSmithKline Collegeville Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Buse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Jonsson Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Pate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross J.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Til","family":"St\u00fcrmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"European Medicines Agency Recommends Suspension of Avandia, Avandamet and Avaglim","author":"European Medicines Agency","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"FDA.Guidance for industry diabetes mellitus \u2014 evaluating cardiovascular risk in new antidiabetic therapies to treat type 2 diabetes.2008.http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation\/Guidances\/ucm071627.pdf. Accessed February 3 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1305889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1307684"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050214-013431"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164115570301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0663-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0764"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.09.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12306"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"Medicare program \u2013 general information. 2014.http:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Medicare\u2010General\u2010Information\/MedicareGenInfo\/index.html. Accessed January 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"Klees BS Wolfe CJ Curtis CA Office of the Actuary Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Department of Health and Human Services. Brief summaries of medicare & medicaid 2011.http:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Research\u2010Statistics\u2010Data\u2010and\u2010Systems\/Statistics\u2010Trends\u2010and\u2010Reports\/MedicareProgramRatesStats\/downloads\/MedicareMedicaidSummaries2011.pdf. Accessed January 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12379"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00002934"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000032240.28636.BD"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2015.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000081989.82616.7d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Information for healthcare professionals: pioglitazone HCl (marketed as Actos Actoplus Met and Duetact). 2007.http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/ucm124178.htm. Accessed January 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70213-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164112465442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000120505.91348.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2006.08.211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","unstructured":"GokhaleM BuseJ SturmerT. Effect of body mass index on choice of initiating diabetes therapies.Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. Special Issue: Abstracts of the 30th International Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology and Therapeutic Risk Management; October 24\u201327 2014;Taipei Taiwan;23."}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.12906","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.12906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T21:45:58Z","timestamp":1761860758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.12906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.12906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12906","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]}}}