{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:58:35Z","timestamp":1787579915707,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The South Asian Health Foundation (UK)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"\n Aims<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate the probability of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (\n T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) at different body mass index levels compared to matched non\u2010diabetic controls in a multi\u2010ethnic population.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This was a case\u2010control study of 90\u2009367 patients with incident diabetes and 362\u2009548 age\u2010sex\u2010ethnicity matched controls from\n UK<\/jats:styled-content>\n primary care. The probability of developing\n T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n was estimated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Case and control patients were 56\u2009years old at index and 56% were male. Patients with\n T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n had significantly higher mean\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n levels by about 5\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n at diagnosis (32.2\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ) compared to the matched controls (27.4\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ). White\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n uropeans (n\u2009=\u200979\u2009270),\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n frican\u2010\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n aribbeans (n\u2009=\u20094115) and\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n outh\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n sians (n\u2009=\u20097252) were 58, 48 and 46\u2009years old with a mean\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n of 32.5, 31.1 and 29.2\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , respectively, at diagnosis. More\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n outh\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n sians developed\n T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n at\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n below 30\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (38%) than\n W<\/jats:styled-content>\n hite\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n uropeans (26%) and\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n frican\u2010\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n aribbeans (29%) (all\n \n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.01). Within the 18 to 70\u2010year age range,\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n outh\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n sian males and females had a significantly higher probability of developing diabetes in the continuously measured\n BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n range of 18 to 30\u2009kg\/m\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n , compared to\n W<\/jats:styled-content>\n hite\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n uropeans and\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n frican\u2010\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n aribbeans. Across all age groups <70\u2009years,\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n outh\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n sians and\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n frican\u2010\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n aribbeans had a significantly higher probability of developing\n T2DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n in the normal weight and overweight categories, compared to\n W<\/jats:styled-content>\n hite\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n uropeans. However, this risk pattern of developing diabetes was reversed amongst the obese in all age groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Risk patterns of developing diabetes at different levels of obesity varies among ethnic groups across all ages, while\n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n outh\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n sians and\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n frican\u2010\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n aribbeans carry the highest risk at a younger age and at lower adiposity burden.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T07:32:35Z","timestamp":1487316755000},"page":"1014-1023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Comparison of body mass index at diagnosis of diabetes in a multi\u2010ethnic population:\n A<\/scp>\n case\u2010control study with matched non\u2010diabetic controls"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0848-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjoy K.","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne EpiCentre University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebenezer S.","family":"Owusu Adjah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayukh","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warwick Warwick UK"},{"name":"Heart of England NHS Trust Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanth","family":"Bellary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing Aston University Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasim","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes University Hospital Birmingham Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Khunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester, Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60460-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws172"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01536.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-6-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12576"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2015.0007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1158-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","unstructured":"IMS Health Incorporated.THIN bibliography. 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