{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:47:58Z","timestamp":1768484878636,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Commissioned Study on Enhanced Primary Care","award":["EPC-HKU-1B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPC-HKU-1B"]}]},{"name":"Commissioned Study on Enhanced Primary Care","award":["EPC-HKU-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPC-HKU-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"\n This study evaluated the short\u2010term cost\u2010effectiveness of the Patient Empowerment Programme (\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for diabetes mellitus (DM) in Hong Kong. Propensity score matching was used to select a matched group of\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and non\u2010\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects. A societal perspective was adopted to estimate the cost of\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Outcome measures were the cumulative incidence of all\u2010cause mortality and diabetic complication over a 5\u2010year follow\u2010up period and the number needed to treat (\n NNT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) to avoid 1 event. The incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio (\n ICER<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) of cost per event avoided was calculated using the\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n cost per subject multiplied by the\n NNT<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n cost per subject from the societal perspective was\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n $247. There was a significantly lower cumulative incidence of all\u2010cause mortality (2.9% vs 4.6%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), any DM complication (9.5% vs 10.8%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .001) and\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n events (6.8% vs 7.6%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .018), in the\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n group. The costs per death from any cause,\n DM<\/jats:styled-content>\n complication or case of\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n avoided were\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n $14 465,\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n $19 617 and\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n $30 796, respectively. The extra amount allocated to managing\n PEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n was small and it appears cost\u2010effective in the short\u2010term as an addition to\n RAMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T07:36:39Z","timestamp":1487835399000},"page":"1312-1316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Five\u2010year cost\u2010effectiveness of the Patient Empowerment Programme (\n PEP<\/scp>\n ) for type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jinxiao","family":"Lian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Chau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6895-6071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos K. H.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C. W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy L. K.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","article-title":"Systematic review on the cost\u2010effectiveness of self\u2010management education programme for type 2 diabetes mellitus","author":"Lian JX","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095328"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0324-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12969"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12397"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0843-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1015-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-13-116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"HKSAR Census and Statistics Department.Women and Men in Hong Kong key statistics. 2014 Edition.2014.http:\/\/www.statistics.gov.hk\/pub\/B11303032014AN14B0100.pdf[Last accessed: 30 March 2017]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"Hong Kong Air Pollution and Health Joint Research Group of the University of Hong Kong and Chinese University of Hong Kong.The provision of service for study of short term health impact and costs due to road traffic\u2010related air pollution.2002.http:\/\/www.epd.gov.hk\/epd\/sites\/default\/files\/epd\/english\/environmentinhk\/air\/studyrpts\/files\/ap_health_impact_02.pdf[last accessed: 30 March 2017]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.08.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2015.01.005"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.12919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.12919","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.12919","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.12919","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:36:43Z","timestamp":1761878203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.12919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.12919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12919","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]]}}}