{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T18:38:03Z","timestamp":1762540683897,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007881","name":"Fondation pour la M\u00e9decine de Laboratoire","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007881","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe trajectories for metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) up to 25\u2009years prior to diagnosis and to estimate the absolute 20\u2010year risk for T2D based on a simple set of commonly measured key risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the Swedish AMORIS cohort we included 296\u2009428 individuals with data on fasting glucose obtained in health examinations during 1985\u20131996 (baseline period). All participants were followed until 2012 for development of incident T2D. The 20\u2010year T2D risk based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose and triglycerides was estimated. Trajectories for biomedical risk factors of T2D starting from &gt;20\u2009years before diagnosis and including fasting glucose, triglycerides and BMI were evaluated according to yearly means for cases and controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 28\u2009244 new T2D cases during the study period, with an average 20\u2010year risk of 8.1%. This risk was substantially increased in overweight and obese participants and those with elevated fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, in both men and women. T2D cases had higher mean BMI and fasting glucose and triglyceride levels compared with controls &gt;20\u2009years before diagnosis and the difference in fasting glucose levels increased over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Development of T2D is associated with subtle elevations in glucose and lipid levels &gt;20\u2009years before diagnosis. This suggests that diabetogenic processes tied to chronic insulin resistance operate for decades prior to the development of T2D. A simple risk classification can help in early identification of individuals who are at increased risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T09:04:07Z","timestamp":1517821447000},"page":"1419-1426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Elevations of metabolic risk factors 20 years or more before diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: Experience from the AMORIS study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3315-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Malmstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB  Stockholm 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