{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:14:32Z","timestamp":1768256072540,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]],"date-time":"2018-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between use of non\u2010insulin antidiabetics in early pregnancy and the risk of miscarriages, stillbirths and major structural malformations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cohort of 1511 pregnant women with pre\u2010gestational diabetes linked to live births was identified using electronic medical records from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) for the period 1995 to 2012. Information on prescriptions, foetal outcomes and potential confounders was ascertained from both codes and free text in the THIN database. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of adverse foetal outcomes in women treated with non\u2010insulin antidiabetics during the first trimester compared to those on insulin were estimated using logistic regression to adjust for type of diabetes, glycaemic control and other maternal characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 311 pregnant women on non\u2010insulin antidiabetics, 21.9% had a miscarriage and 1.6% a stillbirth; 1.9% of live births had major malformations. The corresponding frequencies for the 883 women on insulin were 13.3%, 1.7% and 9.6%. Insulin users more often had type 1 diabetes and poor glycaemic control. Compared to women with type 1 diabetes, those with type 2 diabetes had a higher risk of miscarriages (20.5% vs 12.8%) but a lower prevalence of malformations (4.0% vs 9.2%). Compared to women with HbA1c \u22647%, those with HbA1c &gt;7% had a higher prevalence of malformations (12.6% vs 2.7%). After adjustment for diabetes type and glycaemic control, compared to insulin, non\u2010insulin antidiabetic patients were associated with an OR for miscarriage of 1.19 (95% CI, 0.75\u20101.89), for stillbirths of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.16\u20102.58), and for major malformations of 0.25 (95% CI, 0.08\u20100.84).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among women with diabetes, use of non\u2010insulin antidiabetics early in pregnancy was not associated with greater risks of foetal losses or major malformations than was insulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,2]],"date-time":"2018-03-02T05:37:51Z","timestamp":1519969071000},"page":"1642-1651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Safety of non\u2010insulin glucose\u2010lowering drugs in pregnant women with pre\u2010gestational diabetes:\n                    <scp>A<\/scp>\n                    cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7051-0730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Cea\u2010Soriano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Centre for Pharmacoepidemiologic Research (CEIFE)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spanish Centre for Pharmacoepidemiologic Research (CEIFE)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly G.","family":"Brodovicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Epidemiology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc  Ridgefield Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Masso Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporate Department of Global Epidemiology Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH  Ingelheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothee B.","family":"Bartels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corporate Department of Global Epidemiology Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH  Ingelheim Germany"},{"name":"Hannover Medical School, Institute for Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez\u2010D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200503000-00049"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0719"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1801"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02242-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.10.1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38856.692986.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00125-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"498","article-title":"Pregnancy loss in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes during pregnancy","volume":"19","author":"McGrogan A","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0251-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2061"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0914"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/325851"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmu022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318190a459"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707193"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0570-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-9025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-9020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14236\/jhi.v12i3.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3472"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","unstructured":"Delivered with care: a national survey of women's experience of maternity care.https:\/\/www.npeu.ox.ac.uk\/files\/downloads\/reports\/Maternity-Survey-Report\u20102010.pdf. 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