{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T18:32:05Z","timestamp":1770489125373,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine, using published general practice\u2010level data, how differences in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prescribing patterns relate to glycaemic target achievement levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple linear regression modelling was used to link practice characteristics and defined daily dose (DDD) of different classes of medication in 2015\/2016 and changes between that year and the year 2014\/2015 in medication to proportion of patients achieving target glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] \u226458 mmol\/mol [7.5%]) and proportion of patients at high glycaemic risk (HbA1c &gt;86 mmol\/mol [10.0%]) for practices in the National Diabetes Audit with &gt;100 people with T2DM on their register.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, HbA1c outcomes were not different between the years studied. Although, in percentage terms, most practices increased their use of sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 (SGLT2) inhibitors (96%), dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (DPP\u20104) inhibitors (76%) and glucagon\u2010like peptide 1 (GLP\u20101) analogues (53%), there was wide variation in the use of older and newer therapies. For example, 12% of practices used &gt;200% of the national average for some newer agents. In cross\u2010sectional analysis, greater prescribing of metformin and analogue insulin were associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c \u226458 mmol\/mol; the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin was associated with a reduced proportion of patients with HbA1c &gt;86 mol\/mol; otherwise associations for sulphonylureas, GLP\u20101 analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP\u20104 inhibitors were neutral or negative. In year\u2010on\u2010year analysis there was ongoing deterioration in glycaemic control, which was offset to some extent by increased use of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP\u20101 analogues, which were associated with a greater proportion of patients achieving HbA1c levels \u226458 mmol\/mol and a smaller proportion of patients with HbA1c levels &gt;86 mmol\/mol. SGLT2 inhibitor prescribing was associated with significantly greater improvements than those found for GLP\u20101 analogues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater use of newer agents was associated with improvement in glycaemic outcomes but was not sufficient to compensate for the prevailing decline. This may reflect wide variability in the prescribing of newer agents. We found that SGLT inhibitors may be superior to other oral agents in relation to HbA1c outcome. Serious consideration should be given to their use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,8]],"date-time":"2018-03-08T02:42:46Z","timestamp":1520476966000},"page":"1659-1669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 inhibitors, the latest residents on the block: Impact on glycaemic control at a general practice level in England"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian H.","family":"Heald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Sciences and Manchester, Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Salford Royal Hospital  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony A.","family":"Fryer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Science &amp; Technology in Medicine  Keele UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon G.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Sciences and Manchester, Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Sciences Walsall Manor Hospital  Walsall UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Sciences and Manchester, Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RES Consortium  Andover UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Y. C.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Salford Royal Hospital  Salford UK"},{"name":"High Specialty Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Gadsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Medical School University of Warwick  Warwick UK"},{"name":"National Diabetes Audit  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Diabetes Audit  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Stedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RES Consortium  Andover UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Prescribing for Diabetes: England 2006\/2007 to 2016\/2017","author":"Prescribing and Medicines Team, NHS Digital","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"National Diabetes Audit 2013\u25002014 and 2014\u25002015. Health & Social Care Information Centre;2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.12844"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic outcomes is possible without spending more on medication: lessons from the UK National Diabetes Audit","volume":"20","author":"Heald A","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"National Health Service. GP practice prescribing. Leeds: NHS Digital;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology Guidelines for ATC classification and DDD assignment 2018. Oslo Norway:2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","volume-title":"Primary Care Domain, Health and Social Care Information Centre. Quality and Outcomes Framework \u2010 Prevalence, Achievements and Exceptions Report","author":"Primary Care Domain HaSCIC","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"Diabetes Prevalence Model","author":"Public Health England","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Care Processes and Treatment Targets 2015\u20132016","author":"National Diabetes Audit","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"433","article-title":"Impact of type 2 diabetes medication cost sharing on patient outcomes and health plan costs","volume":"22","author":"Thornton Snider J","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1999.00092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2361"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2004.0108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-017-0443-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13541"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501352"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.13281","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.13281","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.13281","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.13281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T03:03:31Z","timestamp":1761879811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.13281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.13281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.13281","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}