{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:32:40Z","timestamp":1790195560697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]],"date-time":"2018-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The multinational, observational CVD\u2010REAL study recently showed that initiation of sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 inhibitors (SGLT\u20102i) was associated with significantly lower rates of death and heart failure vs other glucose\u2010lowering drugs (oGLDs). This sub\u2010analysis of the CVD\u2010REAL study sought to determine the association between initiation of SGLT\u20102i vs oGLDs and rates of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Medical records, claims and national registers from the USA, Sweden, Norway and Denmark were used to identify patients with T2D who newly initiated treatment with SGLT\u20102i (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin or empagliflozin) or oGLDs. A non\u2010parsimonious propensity score was developed within each country to predict initiation of SGLT\u20102i, and patients were matched 1:1 in the treatment groups. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were generated using Cox regression models. Overall, 205\u2009160 patients were included. In the intent\u2010to\u2010treat analysis, over 188\u2009551 and 188\u2009678 person\u2010years of follow\u2010up (MI and stroke, respectively), there were 1077 MI and 968 stroke events. Initiation of SGLT\u20102i vs oGLD was associated with a modestly lower risk of MI and stroke (MI: HR, 0.85; 95%CI, 0.72\u20101.00;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.05; Stroke: HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.71\u20100.97;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.02). These findings complement the results of the cardiovascular outcomes trials, and offer additional reassurance with regard to the cardiovascular effects of SGLT\u20102i, specifically as it relates to ischaemic events.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T00:50:05Z","timestamp":1521766205000},"page":"1983-1987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Rates of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients initiating treatment with\n                    <scp>SGLT<\/scp>\n                    2\u2010inhibitors versus other glucose\u2010lowering agents in real\u2010world clinical practice:\n                    <scp>R<\/scp>\n                    esults from the\n                    <scp>CVD\u2010REAL<\/scp>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Kosiborod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri\u2010Kansas City  Kansas City Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e5re I.","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Cavender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina  Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex Z.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University Medical Center  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Wilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity and Endocrinology Research Group, University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh","family":"Khunti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard W.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Norhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Capio S:t G\u00f6rans Hospital  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit E.","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steno Diabetes Center  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, Southern Denmark University, Odense  Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Wittbrodt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Outcomes Research, AstraZeneca  Wilmington Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Thuresson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statisticon AB  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Bodeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AstraZeneca Nordic\u2010Baltic  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Hammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"AstraZeneca R&amp;D  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Fenici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the CVD\u2010REAL Investigators and Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029190"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30258-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164114559852"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112394"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021887"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3956-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0330"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and 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