{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:56:04Z","timestamp":1792029364730,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]],"date-time":"2018-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006691","name":"Harvard Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08AG055670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08AG055670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The extent to which sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 (SGLT2) inhibitors increase the risk of genital infections in routine clinical care, compared with other antidiabetic medications, is not clear, or whether the increased risk is consistent across gender or age subgroups, within individual SGLT2 agents, or if it is more pronounced at a particular time after treatment initiation. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using two US commercial claims databases (2013\u20102017). In the primary analysis, 1:1 propensity score\u2010matched cohorts of female and male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating SGLT2 versus dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors were created. The outcome was a composite of genital candidal infections, vaginitis or vulvovaginitis in women, and genital candidal infections, balanitis, balanoposthitis, phimosis or paraphimosis in men. Among propensity score\u2010matched cohorts of 129 994 women and 156 074 men, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and excess risk per 1000 person\u2010years for SGLT2 versus DPP\u20104 inhibitors was 2.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.64, 2.99) and 87.4 (95% CI, 79.1, 96.2) respectively for women, and was 2.68 (95% CI, 2.31, 3.11) and 11.9 (95% CI, 9.3\u201015.0) for men. Findings were similar in the SGLT2 inhibitor versus GLP\u20101 agonist comparison, more pronounced in the subgroup of patients aged \u226560 (HR, 4.45 [95% CI, 3.83\u20105.17] in women and 3.30 [95% CI, 2.56\u20104.25] in men), and no meaningful difference across individual SGLT2 inhibitors was identified. This increase in risk was evident in the first month of treatment initiation and remained elevated throughout the course of therapy. SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with an approximately 3\u2010fold increase in risk of genital infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,12]],"date-time":"2018-09-12T04:15:09Z","timestamp":1536725709000},"page":"434-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Comparative risk of genital infections associated with sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7160-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chintan V.","family":"Dave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Schneeweiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Patorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-051013-110046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-4-201308200-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k119"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-48-6-535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12825"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02733-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)00052-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13251"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13152"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2015.1091805"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13184"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.13531","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.13531","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T05:23:47Z","timestamp":1761888227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.13531"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.13531"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.13531","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}