{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:00:50Z","timestamp":1790676050091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is an unmet need for a safer and more effective treatment for obesity. This study assessed the effects of licogliflozin, a dual inhibitor of sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter (SGLT) 1\/2, on body weight, metabolic parameters and incretin hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and\/or obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with obesity (BMI, 35\u201050\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were enrolled into a 12\u2010week study (N\u2009=\u200988; licogliflozin 150\u2009mg q.d.). Patients with T2DM were enrolled into a second, two\u2010part study, comprising a single\u2010dose cross\u2010over study (N\u2009=\u200912; 2.5\u2009\u2212\u2009300\u2009mg) and a 14\u2010day dosing study (N\u2009=\u200930; 15\u2009mg q.d). Primary endpoints included effects on body weight, effects on glucose, safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included urinary glucose excretion (UGE\n                      <jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and pharmacokinetics, while exploratory endpoints assessed the effects on incretin hormones (total GLP\u20101, PYY\n                      <jats:sub>3\u201036<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and GIP), insulin and glucagon.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Treatment with licogliflozin 150\u2009mg q.d. for 12\u2009weeks in patients with obesity significantly reduced body weight by 5.7% vs placebo (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and improved metabolic parameters such as significantly reduced postprandial glucose excursion (21%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), reduced insulin levels (80%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and increased glucagon (59%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In patients with T2DM, a single dose of licogliflozin 300\u2009mg in the morning prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) remarkably reduced glucose excursion by 93% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; incremental AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u20104h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and suppressed insulin by 90% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01; incremental AUC\n                      <jats:sub>0\u20104h<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Treatment with licogliflozin 15\u2009mg q.d. for 14\u2009days reduced 24\u2010hour average glucose levels by 26% (41\u2009mg\/dL;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and increased UGE\n                      <jats:sub>24<\/jats:sub>\n                      to 100\u2009g (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in patients with T2DM. In addition, this treatment regimen significantly increased total GLP\u20101 by 54% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and PYY\n                      <jats:sub>3\u201036<\/jats:sub>\n                      by 67% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) post OGTT vs placebo, while significantly reducing GIP levels by 53% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Treatment with licogliflozin was generally safe and well tolerated. Diarrhea (increased numbers of loose stool) was the most common adverse event in all studies (90% with licogliflozin vs 25% with placebo in the 12\u2010week study), while a lower incidence of flatulence, abdominal pain and abdominal distension (25%\u201043% with licogliflozin vs 9%\u201011% with placebo in the 12\u2010week study) were among the other gastrointestinal events reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Licogliflozin treatment (1\u201084\u2009days) leads to significant weight loss and favourable changes in a variety of metabolic parameters and incretin hormones. Dual inhibition of SGLT1\/2 with licogliflozin in the gut and kidneys is an attractive strategy for treating obesity and diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T20:59:34Z","timestamp":1549400374000},"page":"1311-1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["The effects of licogliflozin, a dual SGLT1\/2 inhibitor, on body weight in obese patients with or without diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1535-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan\u2010Ling","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research  Cambridge 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