{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:59:24Z","timestamp":1785459564906,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic properties of fast\u2010acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) versus insulin aspart (IAsp) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n In a randomized, double\u2010blind, crossover design, 61 people with T2D usually treated with insulin\u2009\u00b1\u2009oral antidiabetic drug(s) received single\u2010dose faster aspart and IAsp (0.3 U\/kg) on separate visits. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic assessment were collected frequently until 12\u2009hours post\u2010dose. Glucose\u2010lowering effect was determined in a euglycaemic clamp lasting up to 12\u2009hours post\u2010dose (target 5.0 mmol\/L).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The serum IAsp pharmacokinetic profile and glucose\u2010lowering effect profile were shifted to the left for faster aspart versus IAsp. Least squares mean (\u00b1 SE) onset of appearance was 3.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 minutes for faster aspart, which was 1.2 minutes earlier than for IAsp (95% confidence interval [CI] \u22121.8;\u22120.5;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.001). Onset of action for faster aspart was 8.9 minutes earlier (95% CI \u221212.1;\u22125.7;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) than for IAsp. During the first 30\u2009minutes after dosing, 89% larger IAsp exposure (ratio faster aspart\/IAsp 1.89 [95% CI 1.56;2.28];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) and 147% greater glucose\u2010lowering effect (2.47 [95% CI 1.58;6.22];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001) were observed for faster aspart compared with IAsp. Offset of exposure (time to 50% of maximum IAsp concentration in the late part of the pharmacokinetic profile) occurred earlier for faster aspart (difference faster aspart \u2013 IAsp \u221236.4 minutes [95% CI \u221255.3;\u221217.6];\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u2009.001). The treatment difference of faster aspart \u2013 IAsp in offset of glucose\u2010lowering effect (time to 50% of maximum glucose infusion rate in the late part of the glucose infusion rate profile) was \u221214.4 minutes (95% CI \u221234.4;5.5;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.152).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In people with T2D, faster aspart was associated with earlier onset and greater initial exposure and glucose\u2010lowering effect compared with IAsp, as previously shown in people with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T02:44:45Z","timestamp":1557369885000},"page":"2068-2075","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fast\u2010acting insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes: Earlier onset and greater initial exposure and glucose\u2010lowering effect compared with insulin aspart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3554-0405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Pieber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Svehlikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Brunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CF Clinical Research Center, Center for Medical Research Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge B.","family":"Halberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Margrete","family":"Due Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Haahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novo Nordisk S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-019-2578-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600402"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12468"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-017-0514-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0473-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4729-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01395.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296815576957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2480"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"A34","article-title":"Faster\u2010acting insulin aspart improves postprandial glycemia vs insulin aspart in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (Abstract)","volume":"63","author":"Heise T","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1954.tb00159.x","article-title":"Some problems in interval estimation","volume":"16","author":"Fieller EC","year":"1954","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-016-0418-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.7.986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1770"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.3.430"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De BlockC CarlsonA RoseL GondolfT Gorst\u2010RasmussenA LaneW. 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