{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T20:35:47Z","timestamp":1792442147587,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a quantitative drug\u2010disease systems model to investigate the paradox that sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter (SGLT)2 is responsible for &gt;80% of proximal tubule glucose reabsorption, yet SGLT2 inhibitor treatment results in only 30% to 50% less reabsorption in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A physiologically based four\u2010compartment model of renal glucose filtration, reabsorption and excretion via SGLT1 and SGLT2 was developed as a system of ordinary differential equations using R\/IQRtools. SGLT2 inhibitor pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were estimated from published concentration\u2010time profiles in plasma and urine and from urinary glucose excretion (UGE) in healthy people and people with T2DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final model showed that higher renal glucose reabsorption in people with T2DM versus healthy people was associated with 54% and 28% greater transporter capacity for SGLT1 and SGLT2, respectively. Additionally, the analysis showed that UGE is highly dependent on mean plasma glucose and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and that their consideration is critical for interpreting clinical UGE findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quantitative drug\u2010disease system modelling revealed mechanistic differences in renal glucose reabsorption and UGE between healthy people and those with T2DM, and clearly showed that SGLT2 inhibition significantly increased glucose available to SGLT1 downstream in the tubule. Importantly, we found that the findings of lower than expected UGE with SGLT2 inhibition are explained by the shift to SGLT1, which recovered additional glucose (~30% of total).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T00:04:43Z","timestamp":1566173083000},"page":"2684-2693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Comparison of the urinary glucose excretion contributions of SGLT2 and SGLT1: A quantitative systems pharmacology analysis in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes treated with SGLT2 inhibitors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9715-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Yakovleva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M&amp;S Decisions  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7066-0811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Sokolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M&amp;S Decisions  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Safety Sciences, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Waltham Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8261-8116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weifeng","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Safety Sciences, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Greasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVRM, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Peilot Sj\u00f6gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Safety Sciences, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0678-5729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirill","family":"Peskov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M&amp;S Decisions  Moscow Russian Federation"},{"name":"I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University  Moscow Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Helmlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Safety Sciences, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Waltham Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-7304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Boulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Safety Sciences, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Gaithersburg Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2706-8913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Penland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology &amp; Safety Sciences, R&amp;D BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca  Waltham Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). 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