{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T14:31:20Z","timestamp":1788618680902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To explore the pattern of insulin use and glycaemic control in Asian people with type 2 diabetes, stratified by gender, young\u2010onset diabetes (YOD; diagnosed before age 40\u2009years), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]\u2009&lt;\u200960\u2009mL\/min\/1.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional analysis of 97\u2009852 patients from 11 Asian countries\/regions (2007\u20132017) included in the prospective Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 18\u2009998 insulin users (47% women, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD age 59.2\u2009\u00b1\u200911.7\u2009years, diabetes duration 13.2\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u2009years, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 72\u2009\u00b1\u200921.4\u2009mmol\/mol [8.74\u2009\u00b1\u20091.95%], median total daily insulin dose [TDD] 0.27\u20130.82\u2009units\/kg), 25% and 29.5% had YOD and DKD, respectively. Premixed (44%) and basal\u2010only (42%) insulin were the most common regimens. Despite being more commonly treated with these two regimens with higher insulin dosages, patients with YOD had worse HbA1c levels than their late\u2010onset peers (73\u2009\u00b1\u200920.5 vs. 71\u2009\u00b1\u200921.2\u2009mmol\/mol [8.82\u2009\u00b1 1.87% vs. 8.66\u2009\u00b1\u20091.94%];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Fewer women than men attained an HbA1c level\u2009&lt;\u200953\u2009mmol\/mol (7%; 15.7% vs 17.1%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018). Adjusting for age, diabetes duration, TDD, HbA1c, eGFR, and use of oral glucose\u2010lowering drugs at baseline, the odds of self\u2010reported hypoglycaemia were higher in women (vs. men: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05\u20131.28) and in patients with DKD treated with a premixed regimen (1.81 [95% CI 1.54\u20132.13] vs. 1.34 [95% CI 1.16\u20131.54] in non\u2010DKD;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Compared to basal\u2010only regimens, premixed and basal\u2010bolus regimens had similar HbA1c reductions but were independently associated with increased odds of hypoglycaemia (1.65 [95% CI 1.45\u20131.88] and 1.88 [95% CI 1.58\u20132.23], respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this Asian population, there were varying patterns of insulin regimens with suboptimal glycaemic control, despite relatively high TDDs, which were influenced by gender, DKD, and YOD status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T23:57:18Z","timestamp":1578268638000},"page":"669-679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Real\u2010world data reveal unmet clinical needs in insulin treatment in Asian people with type 2 diabetes: the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8927-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice P. S.","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital  Shatin Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Asia Diabetes Foundation  Shatin Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company (Taiwan) Inc.  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric S. H.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital  Shatin Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Asia Diabetes Foundation  Shatin Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6214-6924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee\u2010Ling","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital  Shatin Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Asia Diabetes Foundation  Shatin Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jothydev","family":"Kesavadev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jothydev's Diabetes and Research Centre  Kerala India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8805-8340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne H.\u2010H.","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taichung Veterans General Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leorino","family":"Sobrepena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart of Jesus Hospital  San Jose City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander T. B.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thy Khue","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MEDIC Medical Centre  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9109-2208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun\u2010Ho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine Catholic University of Korea  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamlanathan","family":"Kodiappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Treuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly Hungaria Kft  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1325-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana C. 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