{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T20:48:13Z","timestamp":1789937293087,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Eiger Biopharmaceuticals"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of repeat dosing of two formulations of subcutaneous (SC) avexitide (exendin 9\u201039) in patients with post\u2010bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this phase 2, multiple\u2010ascending\u2010dose study conducted at Stanford University, 19 women with PBH underwent a baseline oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), with metabolic and symptomatic assessments. Fourteen were then sequentially assigned to receive one of four ascending\u2010dose levels of twice\u2010daily lyophilized (Lyo) avexitide by SC injection for 3\u2009days. On the basis of safety, efficacy and tolerability, five additional participants then received a novel liquid formulation (Liq) of avexitide by SC injection at a fixed dose of 30\u2009mg twice daily for 3\u2009days. All 19 participants underwent a repeat OGTT on day 3 of dosing to quantify metabolic, symptomatic and pharmacokinetic responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment with Lyo avexitide reduced the magnitude of symptomatic hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia at all dose levels, with dose\u2010dependent improvements in glucose nadir, insulin peak and symptom score; doses \u226520\u2009mg twice daily did not require glycaemic rescue (administered at glucose &lt;2.8 mmol\/L). Participants receiving Liq avexitide 30\u2009mg twice daily did not require any glycaemic rescue, and on average achieved a 47% increase in glucose nadir, a 67% reduction in peak insulin, and a 47% reduction in overall symptom score. Equivalent doses of Liq versus Lyo avexitide yielded higher and more sustained plasma concentrations. Both formulations were well tolerated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with PBH, twice\u2010daily administration of SC avexitide effectively raised the glucose nadir and prevented severe hypoglycaemia requiring rescue intervention. Avexitide may represent a viable therapy for PBH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T09:23:38Z","timestamp":1586165018000},"page":"1406-1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of repeat subcutaneous dosing of avexitide (exendin 9\u201039) for treatment of\n                    <scp>post\u2010bariatric<\/scp>\n                    hypoglycaemia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6651-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilyn","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Lamendola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4829-8649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Consultant  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1308-6440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Consultant  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surg Obes Relat Dis 2015 11 Hypoglycemia after Roux\u2010En\u2010Y gastric bypass: detection rates of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) versus mixed meal test","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2014.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018 14 6 The incidence and risk factors associated with developing symptoms of hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2018.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Obes Facts 2019 12 4 Frequency of Hypoglycaemia after Different Bariatric Surgical Procedures","DOI":"10.1159\/000493735"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4737-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2017.01.025"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2001.09667","article-title":"Reactive hypoglycaemia due to late dumping syndrome: successful treatment with acarbose","volume":"131","author":"Imhof A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13796"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-009-9888-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2011.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09110.CRR"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Craig C. 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