{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:03:38Z","timestamp":1787792618135,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the long\u2010term efficacy of thiazolidinedione plus a glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist versus basal\u2010bolus insulin on glycaemic control and beta\u2010cell function in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin plus sulphonylurea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and thirty\u2010one patients with poorly controlled T2D were recruited over 3\u2009years and were followed for an additional year. Subjects received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and at study end. After completing the baseline OGTT, subjects were randomized to receive either pioglitazone plus weekly exenatide (combination therapy) or basal\/bolus insulin (insulin therapy) to maintain an HbA1c of less than 7.0%. The primary outcome of the study was the difference in HbA1c at study end between the two treatment groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both therapies caused a robust decrease in HbA1c. However, combination therapy caused a greater decrement (\u22121.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.0001) than insulin therapy, and more subjects in the combination therapy group (86%) achieved the American Diabetes Association goal of glycaemic control (HbA1c\u2009&lt;\u20097.0%) than those in the insulin therapy group (44%) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u2009.0001). Both therapies improved insulin secretion. However, the improvement in insulin secretion with combination therapy was 2.5\u2010fold greater (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than with insulin therapy (50%). Insulin therapy caused more weight gain and hypoglycaemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both combination therapy and insulin therapy effectively reduced HbA1c in poorly controlled T2D on multiple oral agents. However, combination therapy produced a greater improvement in insulin secretion and decrease in HbA1c with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T03:11:47Z","timestamp":1596078707000},"page":"2287-2294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Combination therapy with pioglitazone\/exenatide improves beta\u2010cell function and produces superior glycaemic control compared with basal\/bolus insulin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: A\n                    <scp>3\u2010<\/scp>\n                    year follow\u2010up of the Qatar study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4556-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Abdul\u2010Ghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Migahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Health System, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"Megahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Health System, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3839-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph A.","family":"DeFronzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebaa","family":"Al\u2010Ozairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dasman Diabetes Institute  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Jayyousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Health System, Hamad General Hospital  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1263-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.11.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12417","article-title":"Initial combination therapy with metformin, pioglitazone and exenatide is more effective than sequential add\u2010on therapy in subjects with new\u2010onset diabetes. Results from the efficacy and durability of initial combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (EDICT): a randomized trial","volume":"17","author":"Abdul\u2010Ghani MA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00221.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2006.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.02.06.db05-1066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0291"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.7.1786"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13236"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"1391","article-title":"Effects of intensive insulin therapy upon pancreatic \u03b2 cell function in patients newly diagnosed with type II diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Wang D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2012.745870"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.6.8567"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01165.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03722.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul\u2010GhaniMA JenkinsonC RichardsonD DeFronzoRA.Insulin secretion and insulin action in subjects with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance: results from the veterans administration genetic epidemiology study (VEGAS) diabetes.2006;55:1430\u20101435.","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1200"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdom.14153","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.14153","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.14153","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.14153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T21:40:35Z","timestamp":1761860435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.14153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.14153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.14153","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v1\/review4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v1\/review5","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14153\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}