{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T14:33:41Z","timestamp":1778855621512,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P014550\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P014550\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Obesity is associated with severe COVID\u201019 outcomes, yet, it is unclear whether the risk of COVID\u201019 mortality associated with obesity is similar between the sexes. We used data from the UK Biobank to assess the risk of COVID\u201019 mortality associated with various anthropometric measures in women and men. To put these results in context, we also compared these estimates with those for mortality from influenza\/pneumonia and coronary heart disease (CHD). The analyses included 502\u2009493 individuals (54% women), of whom 410 (36% women) died from COVID\u201019, 549 (36% women) died from influenza\/pneumonia and 3355 (19% women) died from CHD. A higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio and waist\u2010to\u2010height ratio were each associated with a greater risk of death from COVID\u201019, influenza\/pneumonia and CHD in both sexes, with the exception of the association between higher BMI and the risk of influenza\/pneumonia death in men. A higher BMI was associated with a stronger risk of COVID\u201019 mortality in women than men; the women\u2010to\u2010men ratio of hazard ratios was 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.00; 1.43). This study demonstrates the role of obesity in COVID\u201019 mortality and shows that the relative effects of a higher BMI on COVID\u201019 mortality may be stronger in women than men.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:52:20Z","timestamp":1600908740000},"page":"258-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Obesity as a risk factor for\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 mortality in women and men in the\n                    <scp>UK<\/scp>\n                    biobank: Comparisons with influenza\/pneumonia and coronary heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0346-5412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanne A. E.","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Institute for Global Health Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-7699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"MacMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Institute for Global Health Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"George Institute for Global Health Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"George Institute for Global Health University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgwh.2020.00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"Public Health England. Excess weight and COVID\u201019: insights from new evidence. 2020.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/excess-weight-and-covid-19-insights-from-new-evidence. Accessed August 6 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315299"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00086-8"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.14199","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dom.14199","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.14199","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T01:37:15Z","timestamp":1761874635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.14199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.14199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.14199","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v3\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/DOM.14199\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1462-8902","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-1326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}