{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T14:30:38Z","timestamp":1788618638905,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101 RAs) are the recommended first injectable therapy in type 2 diabetes. However, long\u2010term persistence is suboptimal and partly attributable to gastrointestinal tolerability, particularly during initiation\/escalation. Gradual titration of fixed\u2010ratio combination GLP\u20101 RA\/insulin therapies may improve GLP\u20101 RA gastrointestinal tolerability. We compared gastrointestinal adverse event (AE) rates for iGlarLixi versus GLP\u20101 RAs during the first 12\u2009weeks of therapy, including a sensitivity analysis with IDegLira.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PICO framework was used to identify studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL searches using a proprietary, web\u2010based, standardized tool with single data extraction. Gastrointestinal AEs were modelled using a Bayesian network meta\u2010analysis (NMA), using fixed and random effects for each recommended dose (treatment\u2010specific NMA) and class (drug\u2010class NMA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment\u2010specific NMA included 17 trials (n = 9030; 3665 event\u2010weeks). Nausea rates were significantly lower with iGlarLixi versus exenatide 10 \u03bcg twice daily (rate ratio: 0.32; 95% credible interval: 0.15, 0.66), once\u2010daily lixisenatide 20\u2009\u03bcg (0.35; 0.24, 0.50) and liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily (0.48; 0.23, 0.98). Rates were numerically, but not statistically, lower versus once\u2010weekly semaglutide 1 mg (0.60; 0.30, 1.23) and dulaglutide 1.5 mg (0.60; 0.29, 1.26), and numerically, but not statistically, higher versus once\u2010weekly exenatide (1.91; 0.91, 4.03). Sensitivity analysis results were similar. In a na\u00efve, pooled analysis, vomiting was lower with iGlarLixi versus other GLP\u20101 RAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the first 12\u2009weeks of treatment, iGlarLixi was generally associated with less nausea and vomiting than single\u2010agent GLP\u20101 RAs. Enhanced gastrointestinal tolerability with fixed\u2010ratio combinations may favour treatment persistence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T09:18:34Z","timestamp":1601371114000},"page":"136-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Gastrointestinal adverse events with insulin glargine\/lixisenatide fixed\u2010ratio combination versus glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist\n                    <scp>s<\/scp>\n                    in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5527-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1656-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongzhi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7706-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanita R.","family":"Aroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Whittington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor Evidence  Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Kanters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctor Evidence  Santa Monica California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Guyot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alka","family":"Shaunik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanofi  Bridgewater New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/ds16-0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13857"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-9028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dcS13-2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-014-0166-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13444"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S141235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12872"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70174-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Doctor Evidence. 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