{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:07:25Z","timestamp":1791630445624,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013528","name":"Diabetes Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NOD_OG\u20103\u201015\u20104972\u2010BP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NOD_OG\u20103\u201015\u20104972\u2010BP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013528","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether adding empagliflozin to closed\u2010loop automated insulin delivery could reduce the need for carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes (T1D) without worsening glucose control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In an open\u2010label, crossover, non\u2010inferiority trial, 30 adult participants with T1D underwent outpatient automated insulin delivery interventions with three random sequences of prandial insulin strategy days: carbohydrate counting, simple meal announcement (no carbohydrate counting) and no meal announcement. During each sequence of prandial insulin strategies, participants were randomly assigned empagliflozin (25\u2009mg\/day) or not, and crossed over to the comparator. Mean glucose for carbohydrate counting without empagliflozin (control) was compared with no meal announcement with empagliflozin (in the primary non\u2010inferiority comparison) and simple meal announcement with empagliflozin (in the conditional primary non\u2010inferiority comparison).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were aged 40\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009years, had 27\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u2009years diabetes duration and HbA1c of 7.6%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7% (59\u2009\u00b1\u20098\u2009mmol\/mol). The system with no meal announcement and empagliflozin was not non\u2010inferior (and thus reasonably considered inferior) to the control arm (mean glucose 10.0 \u00b1\u20091.6 vs. 8.5 \u00b1\u20091.5\u2009mmol\/L; non\u2010inferiority\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009.94), while simple meal announcement and empagliflozin was non\u2010inferior (8.5 \u00b1\u20091.4\u2009mmol\/L; non\u2010inferiority\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009.003). Use of empagliflozin on the background of automated insulin delivery with carbohydrate counting was associated with lower mean glucose, corresponding to a 14% greater time in the target range. While no ketoacidosis was observed, mean fasting ketones levels were higher on empagliflozin (0.22\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18 vs. 0.13\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11\u2009mmol\/L;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empagliflozin added to automated insulin delivery has the potential to eliminate the need for carbohydrate counting and improves glycaemic control in conjunction with carbohydrate counting, but does not allow for the elimination of meal announcement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T20:52:15Z","timestamp":1612558335000},"page":"1272-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Reducing the need for carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes using closed\u2010loop automated insulin delivery (artificial pancreas) and empagliflozin: A randomized, controlled, non\u2010inferiority, crossover pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6700-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Haidar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering McGill Universit  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7833-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Francois","family":"Yale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6774-8924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leif Erik","family":"Lovblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Cardinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrej","family":"Orszag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Marcelo","family":"Falappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Gouchie\u2010Provencher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Tsoukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine McGill University  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anas","family":"El Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering McGill Universit  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec 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