{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:54:49Z","timestamp":1788382489001,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of separate and combined use of the sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin and the glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonist (GLP\u20101RA) exenatide on measures of kidney function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prespecified secondary analysis of the DECREASE trial, we enrolled 66 obese patients with type 2 diabetes in a 16\u2010week randomized double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin and exenatide twice daily, alone or in combination, versus placebo on 24\u2010hour urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), creatinine and cystatin C\u2010estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and kidney injury molecule\u20101:creatinine ratio (KIM\u20101:Cr).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At week 16, the mean UACR change from baseline was \u221239.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] \u221258.6, \u221211.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.001) in the combined exenatide\u2010dapagliflozin group, \u221218.1% (95% CI \u221243.1, 18.0;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.278) in the dapagliflozin group, \u221215.6% (95% CI \u221241.4, 21.6;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.357) in the exenatide group and\u2009\u2212\u200911.0% (95% CI \u221239.8, 31.5;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.552) in the placebo group. Compared to placebo, UACR difference at week 16 in the exenatide\u2010dapagliflozin group was \u221232.2% (95% CI \u221260.7, 16.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.159). Effects were similar in 37 participants who were using angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers at baseline. Compared to placebo, in the exenatide\u2010dapagliflozin group, an acute dip in estimated GFR was observed with creatinine\u2010estimated GFR (\u22124.0\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [95% CI \u22129.3, 1.2];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.129) and cystatin C\u2010estimated GFR (\u221210.4\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      [95% CI \u221214.9, \u22125.8];\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.001). The mean KIM\u20101:Cr difference in the combined treatment arm versus placebo was \u221243.8% (95% CI \u221273.5, 18.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u20090.129).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prespecified secondary analysis suggests that combined therapy with exenatide and dapagliflozin may have synergistic effects on markers of kidney function compared to either therapy alone or placebo in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T11:27:49Z","timestamp":1619609269000},"page":"1851-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Effect of exenatide twice daily and dapagliflozin, alone and in combination, on markers of kidney function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6123-5140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte C.","family":"van Ruiten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1473-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemarie B","family":"van der Aart\u2010van der Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Clinical Pharmacy Martini Hospital  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7951-786X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard G.","family":"IJzerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1926-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Nieuwdorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaas","family":"Hoogenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Martini Hospital  Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani\u00ebl H","family":"van Raalte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Department of Internal Medicine Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiddo J. 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