{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:20:17Z","timestamp":1776918017795,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008349","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of renal impairment on incretin metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) before and after treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (DPP\u20104) inhibitor linagliptin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Long\u2010standing T2DM patients with normal (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] &gt;90\u2009mL\/min\/1.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and impaired (eGFR &lt;60\u2009mL\/min\/1.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) renal function on stable treatment with insulin were included. Before and after 8\u2009days of treatment with 5\u00a0mg linagliptin once daily, patients underwent a 75\u2010g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and total and intact glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucose, insulin, C\u2010peptide and glucagon concentrations were measured. The primary outcome was the difference between the study groups in change of intact GLP\u20101 concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 115 patients screened, 29 were analysed (15 [51.7%] with and 14 [48.3%] without renal impairment). Renal function differed significantly between the groups (101\u2009\u00b1\u200911 vs. 47\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009mL\/min\/1.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), while glycaemic control was similar (glycated haemoglobin 68\u2009\u00b1 \u20095 vs. 66\u2009\u00b1\u20095 mmol\/mol;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.45). Baseline GLP\u20101 and GIP levels were comparable. Glucose concentrations during the OGTT were significantly lowered by linagliptin treatment in patients with renal impairment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.017), but not in those with normal renal function (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.17). Treatment with linagliptin resulted in a significant increase in intact GLP\u20101 and GIP levels in patients with normal (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.048 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0001, respectively) and impaired (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.040 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0011, respectively) renal function during the OGTT. However, the primary outcome (difference between the groups in change of intact GLP\u20101 concentrations) was not significant (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.22). Overall, linagliptin was well tolerated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment with linagliptin increases intact incretin levels in patients with T2DM. Impaired renal function does not compromise the effects of linagliptin on active or total incretin levels as well as on glucagon secretion. Thus, treatment with linagliptin is suitable for patients with T2DM, independently of renal function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:19:36Z","timestamp":1641341976000},"page":"806-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute effects of linagliptin on intact and total glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels in insulin\u2010dependent type 2 diabetes patients with and without moderate renal impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5835-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juris J.","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Division, St Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Diabetes Augusta Clinic Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-6846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Quast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Division, St Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5749-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Nauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Division, St Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Schenker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Division, St Josef\u2010Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum 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