{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T14:29:41Z","timestamp":1780324181685,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug\u2010induced diabetes is underreported in conventional drug safety monitoring and may contribute to the increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we used routinely collected prescription data to screen all commonly used drugs for diabetogenic effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leveraging the Danish nationwide health registries, we used a case\u2010only symmetry analysis design to evaluate all possible associations between drug initiation and subsequent diabetes. The study was conducted among individuals aged \u226540\u2009years with a first\u2010ever prescription for any antidiabetic drug 1996\u20102018 (n\u00a0=\u00a0348\u2009996). Sequence ratios (SRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained for all possible drug class\u2010diabetes combinations. A lower bound of the 95% CI &gt;1.00 was considered a signal. Signals generated in Denmark were replicated using the Services Australia, Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme 10% data extract.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 386 drug classes were investigated, of which 70 generated a signal. In total, 43 were classified as previously known based on the SIDER database or a literature review, for example, glucocorticoids (SR 1.67, 95% CI 1.62\u20101.72) and \u03b2\u2010blockers (SR 1.20, 95% CI 1.16\u20101.23). Of 27 new signals, three drug classes yielded a signal in both the Danish and Australian data source: digitalis glycosides (SR 2.15, 95% CI 2.04\u20102.27, and SR 1.76, 95% CI 1.50\u20102.08), macrolides (SR 1.20, 95% CI 1.16\u20101.24, and SR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06\u20101.16) and inhaled \u03b22\u2010agonists combined with glucocorticoids (SR 1.35, 95% CI 1.28\u20101.42, and SR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06\u20101.22).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 70 drug\u2010diabetes associations, of which 27 were classified as hitherto unknown. Further studies evaluating the hypotheses generated by this work are needed, particularly for the signal for digitalis glycosides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T23:54:00Z","timestamp":1674431640000},"page":"1311-1320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Identifying diabetogenic drugs using real world health care databases: A Danish and Australian symmetry analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-6072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars Christian","family":"Lund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia Hjorslev","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Odense University Hospital  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9314-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Potteg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7029-2860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morten","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacovigilance Research Center, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8097-8708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper","family":"Hallas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine University of Southern Denmark  Odense Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology Odense University Hospital  Odense 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