{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:03:01Z","timestamp":1790740981296,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20H04112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20H04112"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the effects of sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitors on ectopic fat accumulation and tissue\u2010specific insulin sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This randomized controlled trial enrolled 44 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). They were randomly assigned to receive either empagliflozin 10\u2009mg\/day or sitagliptin 100\u2009mg\/day for 12\u2009weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in intrahepatic lipid content (IHL) measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H\u2010MRS). The secondary endpoints included intramuscular and extramuscular lipid content seen in\n                      <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                      H\u2010MRS, body composition seen through dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry and tissue\u2010specific insulin sensitivity shown through hyperinsulinaemic\u2010euglycaemic clamp using stable isotopic glucose. Liver biopsy samples were pathologically evaluated at baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, the mean duration of diabetes, HbA1c level and IHL were 3.7\u2009years, 7.2% and 20.9%, respectively. The median NAFLD activity score was 3.0. IHL was significantly more decreased in the empagliflozin group than that in the sitagliptin group (between\u2010group difference was \u22125.2%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1% and \u22121.9%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2%, respectively, (95% confidence interval); \u22123.3 (\u22126.5, \u22120.1),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.044). However, there were no significant between\u2010group differences in the change of insulin sensitivity in the liver, muscle or adipose tissues. Interestingly, hepatic insulin sensitivity was significantly increased only in the empagliflozin group and was significantly negatively associated with the change in IHL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empagliflozin significantly improves hepatic steatosis compared with sitagliptin, and this may protect against subsequent hepatic insulin resistance. Early administration of SGLT2 inhibitors is preferable for T2D patients with NAFLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T10:14:20Z","timestamp":1675764860000},"page":"1576-1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Empagliflozin versus sitagliptin for ameliorating intrahepatic lipid content and tissue\u2010specific insulin sensitivity in patients with early\u2010stage type 2 diabetes with non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: A prospective randomized study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shigenori","family":"Hiruma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Toho University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumika","family":"Shigiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University  Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5432-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Kumashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine Toho University Graduate School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology Kanazawa Medical University  Ishikawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i10.1579"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.518623"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-4427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2014.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"2753","article-title":"Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. 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