{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:12:08Z","timestamp":1790957528431,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the relative efficacy of sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT\u20102is), glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists (GLP\u20101RAs) and non\u2010steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (nsMRAs) in improving the cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception through 25 November 2022. We selected randomized controlled trials that studied patients with CKD and T2D with a follow\u2010up of at least 24\u2009weeks and compared SGLT\u20102is, GLP\u20101RAs and nsMRAs with each other and with placebo. Primary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and composite renal outcomes (CRO). Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular death, all\u2010cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure hospitalization (HFH). A frequentist approach was used to pool risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010nine studies with 50\u2009938 participants for MACE and 49\u2009965 participants for CRO were included. SGLT\u20102is did not significantly reduce MACE but were associated with significantly lower risks of CRO compared with GLP\u20101RAs (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64\u20100.91;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.003) and nsMRAs (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68\u20100.90;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.001). Compared with GLP\u20101RAs and nsMRAs, SGLT\u20102is significantly reduced risks\u00a0of\u00a0HFH by\u00a031%\u00a0(RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55\u20100.88;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.002) and 22%\u00a0(RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63\u20100.95;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.016), respectively, but did not significantly reduce other secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences between GLP\u20101RAs and nsMRAs in lowering all outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SGLT\u20102is were associated with better cardiorenal protection than GLP\u20101RAs and nsMRAs in patients with CKD and T2D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T03:45:09Z","timestamp":1675827909000},"page":"1614-1623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Comparative efficacy of\n                    <scp>sodium\u2010glucose<\/scp>\n                    co\u2010transporter\u20102 inhibitors,\n                    <scp>glucagon\u2010like<\/scp>\n                    peptide\u20101 receptor agonists and non\u2010steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network\n                    <scp>meta\u2010analysis<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6026-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao\u2010Ngoc","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland  St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy General Hospital of Post and Telecommunication  Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Mital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy University of Manitoba  Winnipeg Manitoba Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Bugden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland  St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai V.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Memorial University of Newfoundland  St. John's Newfoundland and Labrador Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.672350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab777"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30249-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32590-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01676-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01474-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01197-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.751496"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"388","author":"Herrington WG","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13888"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.03.417"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01584-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. 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