{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:42:16Z","timestamp":1772160136616,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK098246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK098246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U34DK088043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U34DK088043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the potential impact of the cross\u2010reactivity of insulin glargine U\u2010100 and its metabolites on insulin sensitivity and \u03b2\u2010cell measures in people with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS), we measured concentrations of endogenous insulin, glargine and its two metabolites (M1 and M2) in fasting and oral glucose tolerance test\u2010stimulated plasma from 19 participants and fasting specimens from another 97 participants 12\u2009months after randomization to receive the insulin glargine. The last dose of glargine was administered before 10:00\u2009PM the night before testing. Insulin was also measured on these specimens using an immunoassay. We used fasting specimens to calculate insulin sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment 2 [HOMA2]\u2010S%; QUICKI index; PREDIM index) and \u03b2\u2010cell function (HOMA2\u2010B%). Using specimens following glucose ingestion, we calculated insulin sensitivity (Matsuda ISI[comp] index) and \u03b2\u2010cell response (insulinogenic index [IGI], and total incremental insulin response [iAUC] insulin\/glucose).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In plasma, glargine was metabolized to form the M1 and M2 metabolites that were quantifiable by LC\u2013MS; however, the analogue and its metabolites cross\u2010reacted by less than 100% in the insulin immunoassay. This incomplete cross\u2010reactivity resulted in a systematic bias of fasting\u2010based measures. By contrast, because M1 and M2 did not change following glucose ingestion, a bias was not observed for IGI and iAUC insulin\/glucose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite glargine metabolites being detected in the insulin immunoassay, dynamic insulin responses can be used to assess \u03b2\u2010cell responsiveness. However, given the cross\u2010reactivity of the glargine metabolites in the insulin immunoassay, fasting\u2010based measures of insulin sensitivity and \u03b2\u2010cell function are biased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T02:40:11Z","timestamp":1680230411000},"page":"1995-2004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessment of circulating insulin using liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry during insulin glargine treatment in type 2 diabetes: Implications for estimating insulin sensitivity and \u03b2\u2010cell function"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse C.","family":"Seegmiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Advanced 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