{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:23:37Z","timestamp":1761863017956,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the effect of sulfatide on gene expression and proliferation of human primary fibroblasts induced by insulin, insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101 and human growth hormone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Human primary fibroblasts were exposed to 1, 3 and 30\u2009\u03bcM of sulfatide or its precursor galactosylceramide (GalCer). Proliferation was determined by\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      H\u2010thymidine incorporation and gene expression via microarray analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sulfatide and GalCer reduced the growth rate of fibroblasts by 32%\u201082% when exposed to 0.5\u2009nM insulin. After challenge with 120\u2009\u03bcM of H\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , sulfatide reduced membrane leakage. Fibroblast gene expression was altered by sulfatide in gene pathways associated with cell cycle\/growth, transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b2 function, and encoding of proteins involved in intracellular signalling.\n                      <jats:italic>NFKBIA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a key control element in NF\u2010\u043aB regulation, was decreased 2\u2010fold by sulfatide.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sulfatide strongly inhibits fibroblast growth. We therefore suggest the addition of sulfatide to injectable commercial insulin formulations, which would reduce adverse fibroblast growth and improve well\u2010being in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T07:33:30Z","timestamp":1685345610000},"page":"2514-2525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sulfatide inhibits fibroblast growth, activation and oxidative stress induced by ectopic insulin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Allan","family":"Roeske\u2010Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bartholin Instituttet, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2010Eric","family":"M\u00e5nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical 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