{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T21:00:05Z","timestamp":1764277205556,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Eccellenza grant 186932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Eccellenza grant 186932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyse glycaemic patterns of professional athletes with type 1 diabetes during a competitive season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analysed continuous glucose monitoring data of 12 professional male cyclists with type 1 diabetes during exercise, recovery and sleep on days with competitive exercise (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and non\u2010competitive exercise (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). We assessed whether differences exist between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      days and analysed associations between exercise and dysglycaemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean glycated haemoglobin was 50\u2009\u00b1\u20095\u2009mmol\/mol (6.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5%). The athletes cycled on 280.8\u2009\u00b1\u200928.1\u2009days (entire season 332.6\u2009\u00b1\u200918.8\u2009days). Overall, time in range (3.9\u201010\u2009mmol\/L) was 70.0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.7%, time in hypoglycaemia (&lt;3.9\u2009mmol\/L) was 6.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7% and time in hyperglycaemia (&gt;10\u2009mmol\/L) was 23.6\u2009\u00b1\u200912.5%. During the nights of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      days, athletes spent 10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20097.4% of time in hypoglycaemia, particularly after exercise in the endurance zones. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      days were characterized by a higher time in hyperglycaemia compared with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      days (25.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.5% vs. 22.2\u2009\u00b1\u200912.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.012). This was driven by the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      phase, where time in range dropped to 60.4\u2009\u00b1\u200913.0% and time in hyperglycaemia was elevated (38.5\u2009\u00b1\u200912.9%). Mean glucose was higher during\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      sessions (9.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.9\u2009mmol\/L vs. 7.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u2009mmol\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). The probability of hyperglycaemia during exercise was particularly increased with longer duration, higher intensity and higher variability of exercise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The analysis of glycaemic patterns of professional endurance athletes revealed that overall glycaemia was generally within targets. For further improvement, athletes, team staff and caregivers may focus on hyperglycaemia during competitions and nocturnal hypoglycaemia after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T03:55:06Z","timestamp":1685505306000},"page":"2616-2625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Glycaemic patterns of male professional athletes with type 1 diabetes during exercise, recovery and sleep: Retrospective, observational study over an entire competitive season"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5500-2108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"van Weenen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Technology and Economics ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-6120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Banholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4364-4282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"F\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Technology and Economics ETH Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6190-7405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Zueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases  Olten Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico Y.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Team Novo Nordisk Professional Cycling Team  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"CeRiSM Research Centre for Sport, Mountain, and Health University of Verona  Trento Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Skroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Rijeka  Rijeka Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team Novo Nordisk Professional Cycling Team  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2021-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Economics and Society Friedrich\u2010Alexander University Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Nuremberg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7856-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Feuerriegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of AI in Management, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6038-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2342-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam N.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team Novo Nordisk Professional Cycling Team  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Wortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology Management University of St. Gallen  St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Stettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16\u20101728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010011\u20102403\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(17)30014\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08\u20100720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19\u20102302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296816671956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19\u20101928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102020\u2010001245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12755"},{"volume-title":"Training and Racing with a Power Meter","year":"2010","author":"Allen H","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19\u20100028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010018\u20100867\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440\u20101681.12246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau2093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.29.4.284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(21)00054\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010008\u20101177\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010007\u20100902\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09\u20100382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010009\u20101066\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2008.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12\u20102038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.108876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2021.0165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010017\u20104395\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010020\u201005244\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010016\u20104107\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(14)70226\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17\u20100883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(20)30114\u20105"}],"container-title":["Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dom.15147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:16:39Z","timestamp":1761862599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dom-pubs.pericles-prod.literatumonline.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dom.15147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dom.15147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.15147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1462-8902","1463-1326"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1462-8902"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1463-1326"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}