{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T23:51:41Z","timestamp":1792281101710,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To pool the effects of sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 (SGLT2) inhibitors on gout and to investigate the association of these effects with baseline serum uric acid (SUA), SUA lowering, and underlying conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)\/heart failure (HF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and clinical trial registry websites were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or post hoc analyses (\u22651\u2010year duration; PROSPERO:CRD42023418525). The primary outcome was a composite of gouty arthritis\/gout flares and commencement of anti\u2010gout drugs (SUA\u2010lowering drugs\/colchicine). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a generic inverse\u2010variance method with a random\u2010effects model. Mixed\u2010effects model univariate meta\u2010regression analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five RCTs involving 29\u2009776 patients (T2DM,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200923\u2009780) and 1052 gout\u2010related events were identified. Compared to placebo, SGLT2 inhibitor use was significantly associated with reduced risk of composite gout outcomes (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.45\u20100.67;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u200961%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Treatment benefits did not differ between trials being conducted exclusively in baseline HF versus those conducted in patients with T2DM (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010interaction\u2009=\u20090.37), but were greater with dapagliflozin 10\u2009mg and canagliflozin 100\/300\u2009mg (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01 for subgroup differences). Sensitivity analysis excluding trials that evaluated the effects of empagliflozin 10\/25\u2009mg (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57\u20100.81;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%) accentuated the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors with no between\u2010trial heterogeneity (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.39\u20100.55;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090%). Univariate meta\u2010regression found no impact of baseline SUA, SUA lowering on follow\u2010up, diuretic use, or other variables on their anti\u2010gout effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of gout in individuals with T2DM\/HF. Lack of an association with SUA\u2010lowering effects suggests that metabolic and anti\u2010inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibitors may predominantly mediate their anti\u2010gout benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T03:48:12Z","timestamp":1687146492000},"page":"2697-2703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Serum uric acid lowering and effects of\n                    <scp>sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102<\/scp>\n                    inhibitors on gout: A meta\u2010analysis and meta\u2010regression of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6656-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mainak","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Institute 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