{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T02:02:08Z","timestamp":1785722528068,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80\u201082310\u201097\u201011157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80\u201082310\u201097\u201011157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and perinatal outcomes in insulin\u2010treated diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a post\u2010hoc analysis of the GlucoMOMS randomized controlled trial, we investigated the association between the metrics of an offline, intermittent CGM, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and perinatal outcomes per trimester in different types of diabetes (type 1, 2 or insulin\u2010treated gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]). Data were analysed using multivariable binary logistic regression. Outcomes of interest were neonatal hypoglycaemia, pre\u2010eclampsia, preterm birth, large for gestational age (LGA) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission. The glucose target range was defined as 3.5\u20137.8\u2009mmol\/L (63\u2013140\u2009mg\/dL).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 147 participants (N\u2009=\u200950 type 1 diabetes, N\u2009=\u200994 type 2 diabetes\/insulin\u2010treated GDM) randomized to the CGM group of the GlucoMOMS trial, 115 participants had CGM metrics available and were included in the current study. We found that, in pregnancies with type 1 diabetes, a higher second trimester mean glucose was associated with LGA (odds ratio 2.6 [95% confidence interval 1.1\u20136.2]). In type 2 and insulin\u2010treated gestational diabetes, an increased area under the curve above limit was associated with LGA (odds ratio 10.0 [95% confidence interval 1.4\u201372.8]). None of the CGM metrics were associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia, pre\u2010eclampsia, shoulder dystocia, preterm birth and NICU admission rates for pregnancies complicated by any type of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, in type 2 diabetes or insulin\u2010treated GDM, the glucose increased area under the curve above limit was associated with increased LGA. In type 1 diabetes, the mean glucose was the major determinant of LGA. Our study found no evidence that other CGM metrics determined adverse pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:40:04Z","timestamp":1695343204000},"page":"3798-3806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Continuous glucose monitoring metrics and pregnancy outcomes in insulin\u2010treated diabetes: A post\u2010hoc analysis of the\n                    <scp>GlucoMOMS<\/scp>\n                    trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9979-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doortje","family":"Rademaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction &amp; Development Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne W. T.","family":"van der Wel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rik","family":"van Eekelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne N.","family":"Voormolen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology WKZ  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8565-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harold W.","family":"de Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology University Medical Centre Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge M.","family":"Evers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  Amersfoort The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben Willem","family":"Mol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen  Abderdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Franx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus University  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Siegelaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bas B.","family":"van Rijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Erasmus University  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Hans","family":"DeVries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Painter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction &amp; Development Research Institute  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"GlucoMOMS 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