{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T17:48:36Z","timestamp":1794505716276,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess maternal pre\u2010existing type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety from childhood to young adulthood in offspring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This birth cohort included singletons born during 1995\u20102015, followed using electronic medical records through 2020. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) of depression or anxiety diagnosis during follow\u2010up associated with in\u2010utero exposure to maternal diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 439\u2009590 offspring, 29\u2009891 (6.8%) had depression and 51\u2009918 (11.8%) had anxiety. T1D, followed by T2D and GDM requiring antidiabetes medication were associated with risk of depression and anxiety in offspring. Compared with no diabetes during pregnancy, the adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) of depression in offspring associated with T1D, T2D or GDM requiring medications were 1.44 (1.09\u20101.91), 1.30 (1.15\u20101.47) and 1.18 (1.11\u20101.26) respectively; conversely, HRs were 0.97 (0.82\u20101.15) for T2D and 0.99 (0.94\u20101.04) for GDM without medications. The associations with anxiety followed similar patterns. The significant associations were observed for offspring ages 5\u201012 and &gt;12\u201018\u2009years and attenuated for 18\u201025\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest that the severity of diabetes (T1D vs. T2D requiring medications vs. GDM requiring medications) during pregnancy may increase the vulnerability of offspring for depression or anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T04:10:05Z","timestamp":1697083805000},"page":"224-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Types of diabetes during pregnancy and risk of depression and anxiety in offspring from childhood to young adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2786-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anny H.","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research &amp; Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California  Pasadena California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research &amp; Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California  Pasadena California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research &amp; Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California  Pasadena California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra P.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research &amp; Evaluation Kaiser Permanente 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