{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T02:53:35Z","timestamp":1781146415530,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K01DK110221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K01DK110221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24DK085446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DK085446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["dom-pubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Obesity Metabolism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the comparative effectiveness regarding major cardiovascular events of glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) receptor agonists and sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 (SGLT\u20102) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We assembled a cohort of commercially insured adult patients with T2DM in the United States (derived from Optum Clinformatics DataMart 2003\u20102021) who were new users of GLP\u20101 receptor agonists or SGLT\u20102 inhibitors. We compared risks of non\u2010fatal myocardial infarction or stroke in patients with and without CKD, and further categorized by CKD stage: stages G1 or G2 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \u226560\u2009ml\/min] and A2 (urine albumin to creatinine ratio 30 to &lt;300\u2009mg\/g) or A3 (urine albumin to creatinine ratio \u2265300\u2009mg\/g), stage G3a (eGFR 45 to &lt;60\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and stage G3b (eGFR 30 to &lt;45\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). We used proportional hazards regression after inverse probability of treatment weighting to compute hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After accounting for the probability of treatment, patients with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT\u20102 inhibitors experienced a 14% lower risk of non\u2010fatal myocardial infarction or stroke (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.78\u20100.94) relative to those treated with GLP\u20101 receptor agonists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognizing the potential for residual confounding, selection bias and immortal time bias, commercially insured patients in the United States with T2DM and CKD treated with SGLT\u20102 inhibitors experienced significantly lower risks of non\u2010fatal myocardial infarction or stroke relative to those treated with GLP\u20101 receptor agonists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T03:35:34Z","timestamp":1704684934000},"page":"1273-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparative effectiveness of sodium\u2010glucose cotransporter\u20102 inhibitors versus glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild\/moderate chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-0379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinnie J.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jialin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Montez\u2010Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7599-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn M.","family":"Chertow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.53304"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. 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